Functional glycine receptors are expressed by postnatal nestin‐positive neural stem/progenitor cells

Nguyen, Laurent; Malgrange, Brigitte; Belachew, Shibeshih; Rogister, Bernard; Rocher, Véronique; Moonen, Gustave; Rigo, Jean-Michel

doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.01966.x

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Indeed, the expression of NKCC or KCC is critical for neurons to make such a decision. A high level expression of NKCC is often seen in developing neurons in which glycine and GABA produce an excitatory response [41,42]. Our study indicates that NKCC is predominantly expressed in the OPL of salamander retinas, consistent with previous studies in adult mammalian retinas [17,18].…”

Section: New Information For Glycine Receptor Subtypessupporting

confidence: 91%

Glycine input induces the synaptic facilitation in salamander rod photoreceptors

Shen

Jiang

2008

J Biomed Sci

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Glycinergic synapses in photoreceptors are made by centrifugal feedback neurons in the network, but the function of the synapses is largely unknown. Here we report that glycinergic input enhances photoreceptor synapses in amphibian retinas. Using specific antibodies against a glycine transporter (GlyT2) and glycine receptor beta subunit, we identified the morphology of glycinergic input in photoreceptor terminals. Electrophysiological recordings indicated that 10 muM glycine depolarized rods and activated voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in the neurons. The effects facilitated glutamate vesicle release in photoreceptors, meanwhile increased the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in Off-bipolar cells. Endogenous glycine feedback also enhanced glutamate transmission in photoreceptors. Additionally, inhibition of a Cl(-) uptake transporter NKCC1 with bumetanid effectively eliminated glycine-evoked a weak depolarization in rods, suggesting that NKCC1 maintains a high Cl(-) level in rods, which causes to depolarize in responding to glycine input. This study reveals a new function of glycine in retinal synaptic transmission.

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Section: New Information For Glycine Receptor Subtypessupporting

confidence: 91%

Glycine input induces the synaptic facilitation in salamander rod photoreceptors

Shen

Jiang

2008

J Biomed Sci

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“…Consistent with these findings, we observed that, in these multipotent progenitor cells, GlyR subunits forms functional chloride channels gated by glycine and blocked by the GlyR antagonists strychnine and picrotoxin (Nguyen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Focus On a Newcomer: Glycine Receptors In Perinatal Cns Precsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Using the classical neurosphere culture model from early postnatal striatum , we also demonstrated the expression of GlyR ␣1-, ␣2-and ␤ genes, and could detect GlyR␣ subunit proteins in multipotent nestin-expressing stem/progenitor cells (Nguyen et al, 2002). Consistent with these findings, we observed that, in these multipotent progenitor cells, GlyR subunits forms functional chloride channels gated by glycine and blocked by the GlyR antagonists strychnine and picrotoxin (Nguyen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Focus On a Newcomer: Glycine Receptors In Perinatal Cns Precsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Glycine triggers inward strychnine-sensitive currents in most of these neurogenic striatal precursors (Nguyen et al, 2004). Finally, neurogenic PSA-NCAM ϩ progenitors from the perinatal striatum express GlyRs that display electrophysiological characteristics (Hill coefficient and EC 50 mean effective concentration) intermediate between nestin-expressing neural stem cells (Nguyen et al, 2002) and mature interneurons (Sergeeva, 1998;Sergeeva and Haas, 2001).…”

Section: Focus On a Newcomer: Glycine Receptors In Perinatal Cns Precmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synaptic and extrasynaptic neurotransmitter receptors in glial precursors' quest for identity

Belachew

Gallo

2004

Glia

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It is widely established that neurotransmitter receptors are expressed in non-neuronal cells, and particularly in neural progenitor cells in the postnatal central nervous system. The functional role of these receptors during development is unclear, but it needs to be revisited now that cells previously considered restricted to glial lineages have been shown to generate neurons. The present review integrates recent advances, to shed new light on how neurotransmitter receptors may, alternatively, serve as excitable mediators of neuron-glia and neuron-neuroblast interactions.

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“…31 During neurogenesis, extrasynaptic GlyRs and their ligands are present in the forebrain 32,33 as well as in neurogenic regions of the postnatal brain. [34][35][36][37] However, we have limited information about their physiological role in this specific context (reviewed in Avila et al…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine receptors control the generation of projection neurons in the developing cerebral cortex

Ávila

Tielens

et al. 2014

Cell Death Differ

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The development of the cerebral cortex requires coordinated regulation of proliferation, specification, migration and differentiation of cortical progenitors into functionally integrated neurons. The completion of the neurogenic program requires a dynamic interplay between cell intrinsic regulators and extrinsic cues, such as growth factor and neurotransmitters. We previously demonstrated a role for extrasynaptic glycine receptors (GlyRs) containing the a2 subunit in cerebral cortical neurogenesis, revealing that endogenous GlyR activation promotes interneuron migration in the developing cortical wall. The proliferative compartment of the cortex comprises apical progenitors that give birth to neurons directly or indirectly through the generation of basal progenitors, which serve as amplification step to generate the bulk of cortical neurons. The present work shows that genetic inactivation of Glra2, the gene coding the a2 subunit of GlyRs, disrupts dorsal cortical progenitor homeostasis with an impaired capability of apical progenitors to generate basal progenitors. This defect results in an overall reduction of projection neurons that settle in upper or deep layers of the cerebral cortex. Overall, the depletion of cortical neurons observed in Glra2-knockout embryos leads to moderate microcephaly in newborn Glra2-knockout mice. Taken together, our findings support a contribution of GlyR a2 to early processes in cerebral cortical neurogenesis that are required later for the proper development of cortical circuits. The cerebral cortex develops from the forebrain and contains different classes of neurons distributed within layers that are regionally organized into sensory, motor and association areas. Cerebral cortex layering arises inside-out as progenitors give birth to successive waves of pyramidal projection neurons in the dorsal telencephalon 1 and GABAergic interneurons in the ventral forebrain.2 Projection neurons migrate radially to settle in appropriate layers of the cortical plate (CP) from where they grow axonal projections towards cortical or subcortical targets. Interneurons migrate from the ganglionic eminences along multiple tangential paths to integrate local cortical networks. More generally, the development of the cortex progresses through successive steps including proliferation, specification, migration and neuronal differentiation. Disrupting the completion of one or several of these cellular events may lead to severe cortical malformations underlying neurological disorders characterized by learning and intellectual disability or epilepsy.

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Functional glycine receptors are expressed by postnatal nestin‐positive neural stem/progenitor cells

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Glycine input induces the synaptic facilitation in salamander rod photoreceptors

Glycine input induces the synaptic facilitation in salamander rod photoreceptors

Synaptic and extrasynaptic neurotransmitter receptors in glial precursors' quest for identity

Glycine receptors control the generation of projection neurons in the developing cerebral cortex

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