Functional Gradients of the Cerebellum: a Review of Practical Applications

Guell, Xavier

doi:10.1007/s12311-021-01342-8

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The diffusion embedding method has proven useful for revealing the topographical pattern by recovering a low-dimensional spatial representation (functional gradients) from high-dimensional functional connectivity data 27,33,34,48 . Based on the diffusion embedding, our results and previous studies 25,26 revealed a similar functional gradient for the intra-cerebellar and the cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity of the human brain. The observation in humans suggested that the cerebello-cerebral connections may influence the intrinsic functional connectivity of cerebellar regions, which contributed to similar spatial distribution between the two types of gradients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The software Mrtrix3 was used for all diffusion tracking 26 . Following its standard pipeline, the dwi2response was used to estimate the response function of the preprocessed dMRI data by the dhollander method.…”

Section: Structural-connectivity-based Mapping and Functional Connect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These functions involve bidirectional communication between the neocortex and the cerebellum 24 . In particular, recent studies used the diffusion embedding, a non-linear dimensional reduction method, to obtain the gradients in the similarity matrices of resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (functional gradient) of the cerebellar cortex 25,26 . These gradients reflected spatial distribution patterns of the variances in the functional connectivity of the cerebellar cortex and were associated with distinct brain networks and diverse task domains 22,25,27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marmoset Brain Mapping V5: an Anatomical and Connectivity Atlas of the Cerebellum

Xihua¹,

Yan²,

Zhan³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The cerebellum is a key region of the brain for motor control and cognitive functioning, and it is involved bidirectional communication with the cerebral cortex. As one of the smallest non-human primates, the common marmoset provides many advantages in the study of the anatomy and the functions of cerebello-cerebral circuits. However, the cerebellum of the marmoset is far from being well described in published resources. In this study, we present a comprehensive atlas of the marmoset cerebellum in three parts: 1) fine-detailed anatomical atlases and surface-analyzing tools of the cerebellar cortex, based on ultra-high resolution ex-vivo MRI; 2) functional-connectivity gradients of the cerebellar cortex, based on awake resting-state fMRI; and 3) structural-connectivity based mapping of the cerebellar nuclei, based on high-resolution diffusion tractography. The atlas shows the anatomical details of the marmoset cerebellum; reveals distinct gradient patterns of the intra-cerebellar and the cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity; and maps the topological relationship of the cerebellar nuclei in cerebello-cerebral circuits. As version 5 of the Marmoset Brain Mapping project, the atlas describes the anatomical and connectivity details of the marmoset cerebellum and is publicly available via marmosetbrainmapping.org.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Structural-connectivity-based Mapping and Functional Connect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Marmoset Brain Mapping V5: an Anatomical and Connectivity Atlas of the Cerebellum

Xihua¹,

Yan²,

Zhan³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fortunately, an increasing number of publicly accessible large studies (e.g., ABCD) and consortium-driven data repositories (e.g., ENIGMA) are poised to generate exactly such maps. A more comprehensive mapping to behavior will likely also require the systematic integration of the macroscale hierarchical gradient with subcortical structures (e.g., amygdala, ventral striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia) critical for experience-dependent learning and cerebellar networks critical for feed-forward monitoring of both actions and thoughts (Guell, 2021; Tian et al, 2020).…”

Section: Macroscale Brain Organization and Self-regulatory Dysfunctio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising a Self-Regulation Phenotype for Depression Through Individual Differences in Macroscale Brain Organization

Strauman

Hariri

2023

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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Self-regulation denotes the processes by which people initiate, maintain, and control their own thoughts, behaviors, or emotions to produce a desired outcome or avoid an undesired outcome. Self-regulation brings the influence of distal factors, such as biology, temperament, and socialization history, onto cognition, motivation, and behavior. Dysfunction in self-regulation represents a contributory causal factor for psychopathology. Accordingly, we previously proposed a risk phenotype model for depression drawing from regulatory focus theory and traditional studies using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we revise and expand our risk phenotype model using insights from new methodologies allowing quantification of individual differences in task-free macroscale brain organization. We offer a set of hypotheses as examples of how examination of intrinsic macroscale brain organization can extend and enrich investigations of self-regulation and depression. In doing so, we hope to promote a useful heuristic for model development and for identifying transdiagnostic risk phenotypes in psychopathology.

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“…Building upon our work, we envision that further exploration of the cerebellar output circuitry will generate valuable contributions to the field of translational and precision psychiatry. Novel gradient-based analysis strategies ( 49 ) can be used to complement existing brain mapping approaches ( 50 ), and to detect functional abnormalities in psychiatric disorders that may remain hidden using other methods of analysis ( 51 , 52 ). Cerebellum's interplay with cerebral cortical dynamics is still poorly understood.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big contributions of the little brain for precision psychiatry

Anteraper

Guell²,

Whitfield-Gabrieli³

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Our previous work using 3T functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) parcellated the human dentate nuclei (DN), the primary output of the cerebellum, to three distinct functional zones each contributing uniquely to default-mode, salience-motor, and visual brain networks. In this perspective piece, we highlight the possibility to target specific functional territories within the cerebellum using non-invasive brain stimulation, potentially leading to the refinement of cerebellar-based therapeutics for precision psychiatry. Significant knowledge gap exists in our functional understanding of cerebellar systems. Intervening early, gauging severity of illness, developing intervention strategies and assessing treatment response, are all dependent on our understanding of the cerebello-cerebral networks underlying the pathology of psychotic disorders. A promising yet under-examined avenue for biomarker discovery is disruptions in cerebellar output circuitry. This is primarily because most 3T MRI studies in the past had to exclude cerebellum from the field of view due to limitations in spatiotemporal resolutions. Using recent technological advances in 7T MRI (e.g., parallel transmit head coils) to identify functional territories of the DN, with a focus on dentato-cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuitry can lead to better characterization of brain-behavioral correlations and assessments of co-morbidities. Such an improved mechanistic understanding of psychiatric illnesses can reveal aspects of CTC circuitry that can aid in neuroprognosis, identification of subtypes, and generate testable hypothesis for future studies.

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Functional Gradients of the Cerebellum: a Review of Practical Applications

Abstract: The Version of Record is the version of the article after copy-editing and typesetting, and connected to open research data, open protocols, and open code where available. Any supplementary information can be found on the journal website, connected to the Version of Record.

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Marmoset Brain Mapping V5: an Anatomical and Connectivity Atlas of the Cerebellum

Marmoset Brain Mapping V5: an Anatomical and Connectivity Atlas of the Cerebellum

Revising a Self-Regulation Phenotype for Depression Through Individual Differences in Macroscale Brain Organization

Big contributions of the little brain for precision psychiatry

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