Functional homologs of the Arabidopsis RPM1 disease resistance gene in bean and pea.

Dangl, Jeffery L.; Ritter, Claudia; Gibbon, Marjorie J.; Mur, Luis A. J.; Wood, John R.; Goss, Sue; Mansfield, J.; Taylor, John D.; Vivian, Alan

doi:10.1105/tpc.4.11.1359

Cited by 135 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Although Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 can elicit ETI in response to both AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2, the observed HR is known to be a consequence of perception of the latter by RPS2 [34]. Each of the tested nopB ::Δ 79avrRpt2 gene fusions were sufficient for Pto DC3000 to trigger an HR at 20hpi, confirming that this family encodes bona fide T3Es (Figure 2B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Mutualistic Co-evolution of Type III Effector Genes in Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum

et al. 2013

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Two diametric paradigms have been proposed to model the molecular co-evolution of microbial mutualists and their eukaryotic hosts. In one, mutualist and host exhibit an antagonistic arms race and each partner evolves rapidly to maximize their own fitness from the interaction at potential expense of the other. In the opposing model, conflicts between mutualist and host are largely resolved and the interaction is characterized by evolutionary stasis. We tested these opposing frameworks in two lineages of mutualistic rhizobia, Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. To examine genes demonstrably important for host-interactions we coupled the mining of genome sequences to a comprehensive functional screen for type III effector genes, which are necessary for many Gram-negative pathogens to infect their hosts. We demonstrate that the rhizobial type III effector genes exhibit a surprisingly high degree of conservation in content and sequence that is in contrast to those of a well characterized plant pathogenic species. This type III effector gene conservation is particularly striking in the context of the relatively high genome-wide diversity of rhizobia. The evolution of rhizobial type III effectors is inconsistent with the molecular arms race paradigm. Instead, our results reveal that these loci are relatively static in rhizobial lineages and suggest that fitness conflicts between rhizobia mutualists and their host plants have been largely resolved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Mutualistic Co-evolution of Type III Effector Genes in Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum

et al. 2013

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“…This response involves an increased production of defense-related proteins such as cysteine proteases, thaumatin-like proteins, chitinases, superoxide dismutase, peroxidases and catalase in the host plants [7]. Additionally, plant-microbe interactions also involves host-to-microbe specific responses in a gene-for-gene manner, whereby a specific pathogen-derived avirulent ( Avr ) protein is recognized by a specific plant resistant ( R ) protein as the case of Pseudomonas syringae AvrRPM1 and AvrRpt2 proteins which are respectively recognized by the products of the Arabidopsis RPM1 and RPS2 resistance genes [8,9]. However, a high-throughput transcriptional analysis study of innate responses of Arabidopsis plants showed a strong overlap in the production of nonhost and host-specific proteins in the presence of flagellin, highlighting the power of high-throughput technologies in identifying overall host responses to plant pathogens while noting that understanding plant-microbe interactions is still a complex subject [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Citrus Response to Huanglongbing Highlights a Down-Regulation of Defense-Related Proteins in Lemon Plants Upon ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Infection

2013

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Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive disease of citrus presumably caused by ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ’ (Las), a gram-negative, insect-transmitted, phloem-limited α-proteobacterium. Although almost all citrus plants are susceptible to HLB, reports have shown reduced susceptibility to Las infection in lemon ( Citrus limon ) plants. The aim of this study is to identify intra-species specific molecular mechanisms associated with Las-induced responses in lemon plants. To achieve this, comparative 2-DE and mass spectrometry, in addition to Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICPS) analyses, were applied to investigate differences in protein accumulation and the concentrations of cationic elements in leaves of healthy and Las-infected lemon plants. Results showed a differential accumulation of 27 proteins, including an increase in accumulation of starch synthase but decrease in the production of photosynthesis-related proteins in Las-infected lemon plants compared to healthy plants. Furthermore, there was a 6% increase (P > 0.05) in K concentration in leaves of lemon plants upon Las infection, which support results from previous studies and might represent a common response pattern of citrus plants to Las infection. Interestingly, contrary to reports from prior studies, this study showed a general reduction in the production of defense-related pathogen-response proteins but a 128% increase in Zn concentration in lemon plants in response to Las infection. Taken together, this study sheds light on general and intra-species specific responses associated with the response of citrus plants to Las.

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“…vesicatoria (Casper-Lindley et al 2002), and the cya domain from cyclosin gene of Bordetella pertussis (Sory and Cornelis 1994) cloned as Cya expression cassette in the broad-host-range vector pVSP61 (Loper and Lindow 1987). pVSP nPro+AA1-89-AvrRpm1:Cya contains the AvrRpm1 promoter (189 nt) and the first 267 nt of AvrRpm1 (Dangl et al 1992;Rentel et al 2008) fused to the cya domain. pEDV5 (Sohn et al 2007), containing the AvrRps4 promoter (129 nt), a 5′ coding region (411 nt), an HA tag (27 nt), and a multiple cloning site (MCS) (including ClaI), was provided by J. Jones (Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, U.K.).…”

Section: Plasmid Vectors Used and Constructedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bacterial Type III Secretion Assay for Delivery of Fungal Effector Proteins into Wheat

Upadhyaya¹,

Mago²,

Staskawicz³

et al. 2014

MPMI

105

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Large numbers of candidate effectors from fungal pathogens are being identified through whole-genome sequencing and in planta expression studies. Although Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression has enabled high-throughput functional analysis of effectors in dicot plants, this assay is not effective in cereal leaves. Here, we show that a nonpathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescens engineered to express the type III secretion system (T3SS) of P. syringae and the wheat pathogen Xanthomonas translucens can deliver fusion proteins containing T3SS signals from P. syringae (AvrRpm1) and X. campestris (AvrBs2) avirulence (Avr) proteins, respectively, into wheat leaf cells. A calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter protein was delivered effectively into wheat and barley by both bacteria. Absence of any disease symptoms with P. fluorescens makes it more suitable than X. translucens for detecting a hypersensitive response (HR) induced by an effector protein with avirulence activity. We further modified the delivery system by removal of the myristoylation site from the AvrRpm1 fusion to prevent its localization to the plasma membrane which could inhibit recognition of an Avr protein. Delivery of the flax rust AvrM protein by the modified delivery system into transgenic tobacco leaves expressing the corresponding M resistance protein induced a strong HR, indicating that the system is capable of delivering a functional rust Avr protein. In a preliminary screen of effectors from the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, we identified one effector that induced a host genotype-specific HR in wheat. Thus, the modified AvrRpm1:effector-Pseudomonas fluorescens system is an effective tool for large-scale screening of pathogen effectors for recognition in wheat.

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Functional homologs of the Arabidopsis RPM1 disease resistance gene in bean and pea.

Cited by 135 publications

References 62 publications

Mutualistic Co-evolution of Type III Effector Genes in Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Mutualistic Co-evolution of Type III Effector Genes in Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Study on Citrus Response to Huanglongbing Highlights a Down-Regulation of Defense-Related Proteins in Lemon Plants Upon ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Infection

A Bacterial Type III Secretion Assay for Delivery of Fungal Effector Proteins into Wheat

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