Functional hydrogel structures for autonomous flow control inside microfluidic channels

Beebe, David J.; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Bauer, J.; Yu, Qing; Liu, Robin H.; Devadoss, Chelladurai; Jo, Byung Ho

doi:10.1038/35007047

Cited by 1,850 publications

(1,477 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[1] This volume change is often reversible, returning back to the original configuration when the stimulus is removed. [2] These hydrogels are able to directly translate chemical energy into mechanical energy, without the need for any sophisticated external power other than a simple light source such as an LED, [3] or a heater, [4] making them advantageous in applications like point-of-care devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators

et al. 2014

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This paper reports for the first time the use of a crosslinked poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) ionogel encapsulating the ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate as a thermoresponsive and modular microfluidic valve. The ionogel presents superior actuation behaviour over its equivalent hydrogel.The ionogel swelling and shrinking mechanisms and kinetics are investigated as well as the performance of the ionogel when integrated as a valve in a microfluidic device.The modular microfluidic valve demonstrates fully reversible on-off behaviour without failure for up to eight actuation cycles and a pressure resistance of 1100 mbar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators

et al. 2014

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“…Earlier functional hydrogel-based microvalves were controlled by varying the solution's salt concentration and were fabricated by in situ photo patterning [27]. The need to alter the solution's composition in order to activate the valve limited the applicability of the saltresponsive valves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Actuated, Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Valves for Lab on a Chip

Wang

Chen

Mauk

et al. 2005

Biomed Microdevices

146

108

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An easy to fabricate, thermally-actuated, self-regulated hydrogel valve for flow control in pneumatically driven, microfluidic systems is described. This microvalve takes advantage of the properties of the hydrogel, poly(Nisopropylacrylamide), as well as the aqueous fluid itself to realize flow control. The valve was designed for use in a diagnostic system fabricated with polycarbonate and aimed at the detection of pathogens in oral fluids at the location of the sample collection. The paper describes the construction and characterization of the hydrogel valves and their application for flow control, sample and reagent metering, sample distribution into multiple analysis paths, and the sealing of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactor to suppress bubble formation. The hydrogel-based flow control is electronically addressable, does not require any moving parts, introduces minimal dead volume, is leakage and contaminant free, and is biocompatible. KeywordsMicrovalve, microfluidics, hydrogel, lab-on-a-chip, metering, distribution, PCR Wang, J., Chen, Z., Mauk, M., Hong, K-S, Li, M., Yang, S., and Bau, H., H Wang, J., Chen, Z., Mauk, M., Hong, K-S, Li, M., Yang, S., and Bau, H., H., 2005, Self-Actuated, ThermoResponsive Hydrogel Valves for Lab on a Chip, Biomedical Microdevices 7 (4), 313-322.., 2005, Self-Actuated, Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Valves for Lab on a Chip, Biomedical Microdevices 7 (4), 313-322. ABSTRACTAn easy to fabricate, thermally-actuated, self-regulated hydrogel valve for flow control in pneumatically driven, microfluidic systems is described. This microvalve takes advantage of the properties of the hydrogel, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), as well as the aqueous fluid itself to realize flow control. The valve was designed for use in a diagnostic system fabricated with polycarbonate and aimed at the detection of pathogens in oral fluids at the location of the sample collection. The paper describes the construction and characterization of the hydrogel valves and their application for flow control, sample and reagent metering, sample distribution into multiple analysis paths, and the sealing of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactor to suppress bubble formation. The hydrogel-based flow control is electronically addressable, does not require any moving parts, introduces minimal dead volume, is leakage and contaminant free, and is biocompatible.

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“…Jo and co-workers photopolymerized microscale hydrogel cylinders within microfluidic channels that are capable of reversible expansion and contraction in response to environmental pH. [22] This tunable swelling allowed them to open and close channels autonomously, enabling the design of a self-regulated flow sorter ( Figure 1A). Similar microfluidic valves have also been demonstrated by West and co-workers, who demonstrated optical control over swelling in gold-colloid composite hydrogels.…”

Section: Stimulus-responsive Hydrogels Within Microfluidic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduced with permission. [22] Copyright 2000, Nature Publishing Group. B) Microscale pillars manufactured from a chemical stimulus-responsive hydrogel reversibly switch between upright and bent states on command.…”

Section: Stimulus-responsive Hydrogels Within Macroscale Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design

Raman

Bashir

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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how the concept of bioinspiration, or imitating biological design and functionality in synthetic materials, created a new class of "smart" biomimetic materials. Then, we shall discuss how the continuing development of enabling manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing and microfluidics, has established the separate subdiscipline of biofabrication for tissue engineering, or "building with biology." Finally, we shall investigate the convergence of these two fields into the emerging discipline of biohybrid design, the use of biological materials to power non-natural functional behaviors in synthetic machines. Throughout this report, we will revisit a single class of materials, hydrogels, as a case study of biological design in the context of each subfield, and discuss how the constraints, underlying principles, and end-use applications differ in each case. We will also discuss ethical considerations of biological design, with a special focus on forward engineering non-natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. We will conclude with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practices for the next generation of engineers and scientists. Biomimicry and Bioinspired DesignA deeper understanding of the underlying design principles that govern biological systems has inspired the field of biomimicry. [1,2] Observing adaptive phenomena in nature, scientists and engineers have sought to extract the components of biological design responsible for this behavior and replicate the behavior in synthetic materials. Fundamentally, this involves understanding the building blocks or base units from which a biological material is built, the hierarchical assembly of these building blocks, and the interactions and interfaces between them.In this section, we will discuss strategies that engineers and scientists have employed to engineer bioinspired hierarchy, from bottom-up self-assembly and top-down engineered assembly. We will present several key demonstrations of stimulus-responsive hydrogels ranging from the micro-to the macroscale, and investigate novel demonstrations in biomimetic actuation and movement. We will conclude with the remaining challenges in the field of biomimicry and discuss the potential future impact of bioinspired design.The discipline of biological design has a relatively short history, but has undergone very rapid expansion and development over that time. This Progress Report outlines the evolution of this field from biomimicry to biofabrication to biohybrid systems' design, showcasing how each subfield incorporates bioinspired dynamic adaptation into engineered systems. Ethical implications of biological design are discussed, with an emphasis on establishing responsible practices for engineering non-natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. This report concludes with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practice...

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Functional hydrogel structures for autonomous flow control inside microfluidic channels

Cited by 1,850 publications

References 13 publications

Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators

Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators

Self-Actuated, Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Valves for Lab on a Chip

Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design

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