Functional imaging of the sleeping brain: review of findings and implications for the study of insomnia

Drummond, Sean P.A.; Smith, Michael T.; Orff, Henry J.; Chengazi, Vaseem; Perlis, Michael L.

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2003.10.005

Cited by 78 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Together, the dose and the timing of administration appear to be important factors to consider when evaluating the impact of Δ 9 -THC and CBD. Both cannabis and sleep disturbances have also been associated with reduction of activity in the same regions of the prefrontal cortex [19][20][21][22]. The prefrontal cortex has been shown to play a primary role in normal sleep, and reductions in activity in the prefrontal cortex have been observed among individuals with insomnia [21] or sleep deprivation [22], and among heavy cannabis users abstinent for 30 days [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both cannabis and sleep disturbances have also been associated with reduction of activity in the same regions of the prefrontal cortex [19][20][21][22]. The prefrontal cortex has been shown to play a primary role in normal sleep, and reductions in activity in the prefrontal cortex have been observed among individuals with insomnia [21] or sleep deprivation [22], and among heavy cannabis users abstinent for 30 days [19]. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been a region of particular interest, as both discontinuation of cannabis use and insomnia are associated with decreased OFC glucose metabolism [21,23], and Δ…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sleep Disturbances: Implications for Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Cessation, and Cannabis Use Treatment

Babson

Bonn‐Miller

2014

Curr Addict Rep

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Cannabis may be used, among certain individuals, for its actual and/or perceived sleep-promoting properties. Although evidence suggests that cannabis is likely beneficial for sleep initiation, over time individuals may develop tolerance to these benefits, leading to greater use in order to maintain the same sleep-inducing effects. This form of use likely contributes to the development of problematic cannabis use patterns, including cannabis use disorders. Evidence also points to sleep as an important consideration in terms of understanding cannabis withdrawal and relapse. Here, sleep disturbances have been reported as a primary symptom of withdrawal, with studies revealing that this increase in sleep disruption during discontinuation of cannabis use may be a significant risk factor for relapse. Therefore, it is likely important to consider interventions aimed at providing alternative means to cope with and/or treat sleep disturbances (e.g., behavioral or pharmacological approaches) as adjuncts to interventions for cannabis use disorders to improve treatment outcomes.

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confidence: 99%

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Sleep Disturbances: Implications for Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Cessation, and Cannabis Use Treatment

Babson

Bonn‐Miller

2014

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“…intracranial recording | EEG | dimension of activation | thalamus | wake-tosleep transition A bundant electrophysiological and functional imaging data have revealed that sleep-related brain activity is not the result of a global deactivation of cerebral structures but rather is a multifocal process associated with local changes in brain activities (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Examples of such functional heterogeneities are, among others, the fronto-occipital gradient in cortical activity during sleep (1,2), the preponderant fronto-parietal localization of sleep spindles (3,4), and interhemispheric imbalanced activity (5,6).…”

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Thalamic deactivation at sleep onset precedes that of the cerebral cortex in humans

Magnin

Rey

Bastuji

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

197

147

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Thalamic and cortical activities are assumed to be time-locked throughout all vigilance states. Using simultaneous intracortical and intrathalamic recordings, we demonstrate here that the thalamic deactivation occurring at sleep onset most often precedes that of the cortex by several minutes, whereas reactivation of both structures during awakening is synchronized. Delays between thalamus and cortex deactivations can vary from one subject to another when a similar cortical region is considered. In addition, heterogeneity in activity levels throughout the cortical mantle is larger than previously thought during the descent into sleep. Thus, asynchronous thalamocortical deactivation while falling asleep probably explains the production of hypnagogic hallucinations by a still-activated cortex and the common self-overestimation of the time needed to fall asleep.A bundant electrophysiological and functional imaging data have revealed that sleep-related brain activity is not the result of a global deactivation of cerebral structures but rather is a multifocal process associated with local changes in brain activities (1-10). Examples of such functional heterogeneities are, among others, the fronto-occipital gradient in cortical activity during sleep (1, 2), the preponderant fronto-parietal localization of sleep spindles (3, 4), and interhemispheric imbalanced activity (5, 6). So far, very few studies have addressed the time course of these regional differences during transitions between vigilance states (11)(12)(13)(14), and most of these studies were based on scalp recordings performed during stable periods of wakefulness or sleep. Although reports that favor some asynchrony of sleep-onset activity between the different cortical areas are accumulating, there still is a firm belief that thalamic and cortical activities are tightly coupled, at both the cellular and integrative level, during wakefulness and sleep (15)(16)(17)(18). Recent intracranial data in humans, however, indicate that, during both paradoxical (rapid eye movement) sleep and sleep stage 2, thalamic and cortical activities may alternate periods of coupling and decoupling (19,20). In this context, the question is whether the dynamics of the neuronal deactivation that characterizes the transition from wakefulness to sleep is identical in thalamus and cortex, or, conversely, whether transient decoupling may occur at this transition time that would suggest different sleep-onset timing in these two structures. The opportunity to record thalamic and cortical activities simultaneously in epileptic patients chronically implanted with intracerebral electrodes allowed us to address this issue. In contrast to the generally accepted view that thalamic and cortical activities are tightly locked along the different vigilance states, we found that the thalamic activity most often decreased to sleep levels several minutes before the cortical activity started to abate. This finding suggests that the cortex remains neurophysiologically awake but decoupled from thalamic i...

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“…There has been increasing use of brain imaging in investigations of sleep mechanisms and in particular insomnia [9,10] . Flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has been used to compare regional cerebral metabolism in 7 patients with insomnia compared with control healthy subjects [10] .…”

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“…Flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has been used to compare regional cerebral metabolism in 7 patients with insomnia compared with control healthy subjects [10] . Globally, insomniacs showed greater glucose metabolism both during wakefulness and sleep.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sleep Apnea and Insomnia: Sleep Apnea Plus or Sleep Apnea Minus

Cherniack¹

2005

Respiration

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Functional imaging of the sleeping brain: review of findings and implications for the study of insomnia

Cited by 78 publications

References 55 publications

Sleep Disturbances: Implications for Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Cessation, and Cannabis Use Treatment

Sleep Disturbances: Implications for Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Cessation, and Cannabis Use Treatment

Thalamic deactivation at sleep onset precedes that of the cerebral cortex in humans

Sleep Apnea and Insomnia: Sleep Apnea Plus or Sleep Apnea Minus

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