Functional in vitro screening of probiotic strains for inoculation of piglets as a prophylactic measure towards Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a common zoonotic pathogen that causes acute infectious diarrhea. Probiotics like Bifidobacterium are known to help prevent pathogen infections. The protective effects of Bifidobacterium are closely associated with its secretory products exopolysaccharides (EPS). We explored the effects of the EPS from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) on ameliorating the damage of an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) during EPEC infection. Pretreatment with EPS alleviated EPEC-induced apoptosis through the restoration of cell morphology and the downregulation of protein expressions of cleaved-caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 3, and cleaved-PARP. EPS-mediated remission of apoptosis significantly improved cell viability during EPEC infection. EPEC infection also resulted in impaired autophagy, as demonstrated by decreased expressions of autophagy-related proteins Beclin 1, ATG5, and microtubule-binding protein light chain-3B (LC3B) and the increased expression of p62 through western blot analysis. However, EPS reversed these effects which indicated that EPS promoted autophagosome formation. Furthermore, EPS prevented the lysosome damage induced by EPEC as it enhanced lysosomal acidification and raised lysosome-associated protein levels, thus promoted autophagosome degradation. Our findings suggest that the amelioration of EPEC-induced cell damages by EPS is associated with the limitation of detrimental apoptosis and the promotion of autophagy flux.

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“…Bifidobacterium has been demonstrated to help prevent gastrointestinal infections [6,7]. Treatment with Bifidobacterium longum subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharides from Bifidobacterium animalis Ameliorate Escherichia coli-Induced IPEC-J2 Cell Damage via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Restoring Autophagy

et al. 2021

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“…Another important nding from the present study is that the abundance of Escherichia, which is correlated with fatty acid degradation, serves as a key negative predictor of the formation of high-quality meat that is rich in functional fatty acids. In general, studies of Escherichia species have focused mainly on the pathogenic effects of these bacteria in diarrhea and gastrointestinal diseases [52,53], and the role of the current predictive model in muscle fatty acid deposition, especially for ALA, GLA, DHA, and EPA, has not previously been reported. Similarly, compared with fatty acid-producing Jinhua pigs, lean Landrace pigs (23-28%) had more Escherichia species (< 5%), which might explain the greater fatty acid composition in the muscle of fatty pigs [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning reveals the interplay between muscle fatty acids and the gut microbiota: implications for high-quality pork

Pan,

Shi,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background High-quality pork is rich in functional fatty acids such as α-linolenic (ALA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are thought to prolong lifespan. Multiple studies have confirmed the role of the gut microbiota in muscle fatty acid deposition in pigs, but the inherent complexity of the microbiota remains poorly understood. Results Using a machine learning-based data mining approach, we analyzed a dataset containing meat quality, muscle fatty acids, and gut microbiota from 291 pigs to identify potential predictors of total fatty acid (TFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content for high-quality pork with better meat color or marbling score. Microbial α diversity exhibited positive predictive power for muscle polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially for GLA, DHA, and EPA. A core set of two microbial phyla (Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes) and 11 genera extracted from the pig gut microbiome correlated with the level of muscle fatty acids. In addition to the fatty acid degradation pathway, Escherichia was negatively associated with the levels of most fatty acids, including oleic acid, ALA, GLA, and EPA. Positive correlations of GLA, DHA, and EPA depositions in the muscle were shared in two microbial genera (Bradyrhizobium and Lachnoclostridium), which also negatively correlated with the fatty acid degradation pathway. Conclusions Overall, we revealed an intricate network of correlations between muscle fatty acids and the gut microbiota, suggesting that there are multiple routes to produce high-quality healthy pork that is rich in functional fatty acids.

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“…Studies have shown that B. subtilis can regulate gut microbiota composition by enriching potentially beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In vitro studies also found that B. subtilis displayed an inhibitory effect against ETEC, Staphylococcus aureus , and Salmonella , either by direct contact or by indirect effect [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Moreover, B. subtilis has the ability to increase serum immunoglobulins [ 7 ], enhance phagocytosis and lysozyme activity [ 12 ], and stimulate the growth and development of immune organs to improve animal immunity [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis HH2 against Oral Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Beagles

Yang

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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This study evaluated the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis HH2 on beagles orally challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We assessed the physiological parameters and the severity of diarrhea, as well as the changes in three serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM), plasma diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (D-LA), and the fecal microbiome. Feeding B. subtilis HH2 significantly reduced the severity of diarrhea after the ETEC challenge (p < 0.05) and increased serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM (p < 0.01). B. subtilis HH2 administration also reduced serum levels of DAO at 48 h after the ETEC challenge (p < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in D-LA (p > 0.05). Oral ETEC challenge significantly reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in beagles not pre-fed with B. subtilis HH2 (p < 0.05), while B. subtilis HH2 feeding and oral ETEC challenge significantly altered the gut microbiota structure of beagles (p < 0.01). Moreover, 14 days of B. subtilis HH2 feeding reduced the relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus in feces. This study reveals that B. subtilis HH2 alleviates diarrhea caused by ETEC, enhances non-specific immunity, reduces ETEC-induced damage to the intestinal mucosa, and regulates gut microbiota composition.

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Functional in vitro screening of probiotic strains for inoculation of piglets as a prophylactic measure towards Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Exopolysaccharides from Bifidobacterium animalis Ameliorate Escherichia coli-Induced IPEC-J2 Cell Damage via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Restoring Autophagy

Exopolysaccharides from Bifidobacterium animalis Ameliorate Escherichia coli-Induced IPEC-J2 Cell Damage via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Restoring Autophagy

Machine learning reveals the interplay between muscle fatty acids and the gut microbiota: implications for high-quality pork

Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis HH2 against Oral Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Beagles

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