Functional interaction between the medial thalamus and the rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex (rACC) in the suppression of pain affect in rats

Harte, Steven E.; Spuz, Catherine A.; Greer, Casey A.; Borszcz, George S.

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2005.01.056

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“…The ACC is also an important structure in the reward and dopamine systems and plays a core function in the placebo response [ 29 ]. As an important part of the ACC, rostral ACC (rACC) undertakes most of the above functions and plays an important role in emotion regulation [ 30 ], analgesic control [ 31 ], and avoidance behavior [ 32 ]. Hence, the rACC option as a region of interest (ROI) is a vital approach of exploring one of the core nodes of the brain's network of placebo analgesia, as well as nocebo hyperalgesia.…”

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Personality Differences of Brain Networks in Placebo Analgesia and Nocebo Hyperalgesia: A Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Approach in fMRI

et al. 2020

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It is generally believed that the placebo response can elicit an analgesic effect, whilst the nocebo response can elicit a hyperalgesia effect in pain. Placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia effects are increasing concerns for researchers. Growing evidence suggests personality differences have an impact on both placebo and nocebo effects. However, previous studies have not reached a unified conclusion. We designed this study to explore the personality differences of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals in placebo response and nocebo response by using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis. 30 healthy subjects underwent conditioning induction training to establish expectations of placebo effect and nocebo effect, and then, all subjects completed the following experimental procedures: (1) baseline scanning, (2) acute pain model establishment, (3) pain status scanning, and (4) pseudorandom scanning of block design of placebo response or nocebo response. Behavioral data were collected after each scan. The results of this study showed that (1) there were significant differences of VAS placebo intervention between the extrovert group and the introvert group ( p = 0.004 ); (2) there were significant differences of VAS nocebo intervention between the extrovert group and the introvert group ( p = 0.011 ); (3) there were significant differences between the VAS placebo intervention and VAS pain status (baseline) in both the extrovert group ( p < 0.001 ) and the introvert group ( p = 0.001 ); (4) there were significant differences between the VAS nocebo intervention and VAS pain status (baseline) in both the extrovert group ( p = 0.008 ) and the introvert group ( p < 0.001 ). Moreover, there were significant differences in the brain network for placebo and nocebo responses between different personalities. We found that (1) deactivation differences of the pain-related network and limbic system play an important role in personality differences associated with placebo analgesia and (2) differences of control of anxiety and activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may cause the personality differences observed in nocebo hyperalgesia.

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