Functional Living Trileaflet Heart Valves Grown In Vitro

A Hybrid Tissue-Engineered Heart Valve

“…Besides the meaningful and early encouraging results of tissue-engineered heart valves [6], these valves are mostly unable to adjust their composition to withstand the various types of dynamic loads to which they are exposed in the heart, principally the left ventricle [6,7]. These valves were mainly developed using degradable scaffolds (eg, synthetic polymers and purely biological material).…”

Tissue engineering on matrix: future of autologous tissue replacement

“…Out of these vessels, two cell types can be isolated: Endothelial cells (ECs) with antithrombogenic properties and myofibroblasts capable of ECM development [16][17][18]. After preliminary studies, mainly in sheep [16][17][18][19][20][21], the potential of human vascular-derived cells was evaluated by seeding on biodegradable scaffolds and revealed excellent tissue formation [15,22,23]. A promising alternative cell source for regenerative medicine is bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) [3,24,25].…”

“…Differentiated ECs have been isolated from vascular sources exhibiting promising results in heart valve tissue engineering [16,19,20,22]. Furthermore, endothelial Another interesting cell source is the umbilical cord, containing several cell types that can be used for heart valve tissue engineering: (1) umbilical cord vein-derived and artery-derived cells, (2) Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs, and (3) umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs.…”

“…A limitation of PHAs can be found in their slow degradation. Combinations of aliphatic polyesters and PHAs have also been tested as alternative composite materials [19,66]. Particularly, the use of PGA coated with P4HB (Fig.…”

Real Time, Non-Invasive Assessment of Leaflet Deformation in Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

“…27 Research has demonstrated that dynamic load application to the developing tissue in a bioreactor system enhances the growth, remodeling and mechanical properties of tissue engineered structures. 3,11,16,18,27 In heart valve tissue engineering, many bioreactors have been developed and almost all systems try to mimic physiological flow. These systems either apply mechanical loading in a wide physiological range, mimicking both systole as well as diastole, 9,15,32 or are characterized by simulation of the systolic or opening phase of the cardiac cycle.…”