Functional Localization of a “Time Keeper” Function Separate from Attentional Resources and Task Strategy

Tracy, Joseph B.; Faro, Scott H.; Mohamed, Feroze B.; Pinsk, Mark A.; Pinus, Alexander B.

doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0535

Cited by 76 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Many experiments have previously been performed on time estimation: typically, they require subjects to compare and match time intervals. These experiments converge in highlighting the crucial role of subcortical structures like the basal ganglia and the cerebellum in the representation of time, together with a fronto-parietal system attributed to subsidiary functions of the process of accumulation and comparison (Malapani et al, 2002;Maquet et al, 1996;Rao et al, 2001;Tracy et al, 2000) (Coull et al, 2004). In the present experiment we did not observe activation in either the basal ganglia nor in the cerebellum (the cerebellum was not completely included in the data acquisition field).…”

Section: Numerosity Estimation and Time Estimationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Exact and approximate judgements of visual and auditory numerosity: An fMRI study

Piazza

Mechelli

Price³

et al. 2006

Brain Research

199

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human adults can assess the number of objects in a set (numerosity) by approximate estimation or by exact counting. There is evidence suggesting that numerosity estimation depends on a dedicated mechanism that is a-modal and non-verbal. By contrast, counting requires the coordination between the pre-existing numerosity estimation abilities with language and one-to-one correspondence principles. In this paper we investigate with fMRI the neural correlates of numerosity estimation and counting in human adults, using both visual and auditory stimuli. Results show that attending to approximate numerosity correlates with increased activity of a right lateralized fronto-parietal cortical network, and that this activity is independent of the stimuli presentation's modality. Counting activates additional left prefrontal, parietal, and bilateral premotor areas, again independently from stimulus modality. These results dissociate two neuronal systems that underlie different numerosity judgements. SECTION:Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience

show abstract

Section: Numerosity Estimation and Time Estimationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Exact and approximate judgements of visual and auditory numerosity: An fMRI study

Piazza

Mechelli

Price³

et al. 2006

Brain Research

199

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, it has been proposed that the principal anatomical structures affected by these disorders, namely the cerebellum and basal ganglia, must be crucial to the effective running of an "internal clock" (Ivry, 1996). The involvement of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in motor and perceptual timing has been confirmed by imaging studies using various timing tasks, such as the repetitive tapping paradigm (Lejeune et al, 1997;Rao et al, 1997;Rubia et al, 1998), duration discrimination (Jueptner et al, 1995;Maquet et al, 1996;Rao et al, 2001;Ferrandez et al, 2003;Miall, 2003a, 2006;Nenadic et al, 2003;Harrington et al, 2004a), velocity discrimination (Jueptner et al, 1996), rhythm discrimination (Schubotz et al, 2000;Schubotz and von Cramon, 2001), temporal discrimination (Pastor et al, 2006), and time production and reproduction (Brunia et al, 2000;Tracy et al, 2000;Miall, 2002, 2006;Macar et al, 2002Macar et al, , 2004Pouthas et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Temporal Processing

Jahanshahi¹,

Jones²,

Dirnberger³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are considered to play a role in timing, although their differential roles in timing remain unclear. It has been proposed that the timing of short milliseconds-range intervals involves the cerebellum, whereas longer seconds-range intervals engage the basal ganglia (Ivry, 1996). We tested this hypothesis using positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow in eight right-handed males during estimation and reproduction of long and short intervals. Subjects performed three tasks: (1) reproduction of a short 500 ms interval, (2) reproduction of a long 2 s interval, and (3) a control simple reaction time (RT) task. We compared the two time reproduction tasks with the control RT task to investigate activity associated with temporal processing once additional cognitive, motor, or sensory processing was controlled. We found foci in the left substantia nigra and the left lateral premotor cortex to be significantly more activated in the time reproduction tasks than the control RT task. The left caudate nucleus and right cerebellum were more active in the short relative to the long interval, whereas greater activation of the right putamen and right cerebellum occurred in the long rather than the short interval. These results suggest that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are engaged by reproduction of both long and short intervals but play different roles. The fundamental role of the substantia nigra in temporal processing is discussed in relation to previous animal lesion studies and evidence for the modulating influence of dopamine on temporal processing.

show abstract

“…2002; Ramnani & Passingham, 2001;Rao, Mayer, & Harrington, 2001;Tracy et al, 2000) many lines of enquiry have linked this structure to motor timing. Because the durations relevant for movement (for instance in muscle phasing and coordination) fall within the sub-second range (Hore et al, 1991), it has been suggested these short intervals may be measured within the motor system.…”

Section: Activity Greater During the 06 S Intervalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently reviewed 30 neuroimaging studies examining time measurement (Lewis & Miall, 2003) and found that 15 of the 17 papers (including this one), which both involved measurement of sub-second intervals and scanned the cerebellum, report activity in that structure (Belin et al, 2002;Coull & Nobre, 1998;Jancke, Shah, & Peters, 2000;Jueptner, Flerich, Weiller, Mueller, & Diener, 1996;Jueptner et al, 1995;Larasson, Gulayas, & Roland, 1996;Lutz, Specht, Shah, & Jancke, 2000;Maquet et al, 1996;Onoe et al, 2001;Parsons, 2001;Rao et al, 1997;Sakai et al, 1999;Schubotz, Friederici, & Von Cramon, 2000;Schubotz & Von Cramon, 2001), while only four (Kawashima et al, 2000;Lejeune et al, 1997;Lewis & Miall, 2002;Tracy et al, 2000) of the seven which scanned the cerebellum and examined only intervals longer than 1 s reported activity there. In two of these supra-second studies (Lewis & Miall, 2002;Rao et al, 2001) cerebellar activity was removed by a more complete subtraction analysis which controlled for movement and non-timing-related cognitive processes.…”

Section: Activity Greater During the 06 S Intervalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain activation patterns during measurement of sub- and supra-second intervals

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The possibility that different neural systems are used to measure temporal durations at the sub-second and several second ranges has been supported by pharmacological manipulation, psychophysics, and neural network modelling. Here, we add to this literature by using fMRI to isolate differences between the brain networks which measure 0.6 and 3 s in a temporal discrimination task with visual discrimination for control. We observe activity in bilateral insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and in right hemispheric pre-supplementary motor area, frontal pole, and inferior parietal cortex during measurement of both intervals, suggesting that these regions constitute a system used in temporal discrimination at both ranges. The frontal operculum, left cerebellar hemisphere and middle and superior temporal gyri, all show significantly greater activity during measurement of the shorter interval, supporting the hypotheses that the motor system is preferentially involved in the measurement of sub-second intervals, and that auditory imagery is preferentially used during measurement of the same. Only a few voxels, falling in the left posterior cingulate and inferior parietal lobe, are more active in the 3 s condition. Overall, this study shows that although many brain regions are used for the measurement of both sub-and supra-second temporal durations, there are also differences in activation patterns, suggesting that distinct components are used for the two durations.

show abstract

Functional Localization of a “Time Keeper” Function Separate from Attentional Resources and Task Strategy

Cited by 76 publications

References 65 publications

Exact and approximate judgements of visual and auditory numerosity: An fMRI study

Exact and approximate judgements of visual and auditory numerosity: An fMRI study

The Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Temporal Processing

Brain activation patterns during measurement of sub- and supra-second intervals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About