Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain

Kim, Seong Gi; Uğurbil, Kâmil

doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(97)02252-8

Cited by 100 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(138 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Herein, fMRI refers to the utilization of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) methodology, using a three-dimensional PRESTO (principles of echo shifting with a train of observations) sequence developed by van Gelderen et al [32]. Initially described by Ogawa et al [33], the BOLD technique has gained widespread use and is presently the method of choice for fMRI investigations [34]. Furthermore, the three-dimensional PRESTO method is advantageous because it allows for rapid data acquisition and coverage of large brain areas in a relatively short time frame (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous-Evoked Tinnitus

Cacace

Cousins

Parnes³

et al. 1999

Audiol Neurotol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complete and acute unilateral deafferentation of the auditory periphery (auditory and vestibular afferents) can induce changes in the central nervous system that may result in unique forms of tinnitus. These tinnitus perceptions can be controlled (turned on and off) or modulated (changed in pitch or loudness) by performing certain overt behaviors in other sensory/motor systems. Clinical reports from our laboratory and several other independent sources indicate that static change in eye gaze, from a neutral head-referenced position, is one such behavior that can evoke, modulate and/or suppress these phantom auditory events. This report deals with a new clinical entity and a form of tinnitus that can be evoked directly by cutaneous stimulation of the upper hand and fingertip regions. In 2 adults, cutaneous-evoked tinnitus was reported following neurosurgery for space-occupying lesions at the base of the skull and posterior craniofossa, where hearing and vestibular functions were lost completely and acutely in one ear (unilateral deafferentation) and facial nerve paralysis (unilateral deefferentation) was present either immediately following neurosurgery or had occurred as a delayed-onset event. Herein, we focus on the phenomenology of this discovery, provide perceptual correlates using contemporary psychophysical methods and document in one individual cutaneous-evoked tinnitus-related neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In a companion paper, neuroanatomical and physiological interactions between auditory and somatosensory systems, possible mechanistic accounts and relevant functional neuroimaging studies are reviewed.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous-Evoked Tinnitus

Cacace

Cousins

Parnes³

et al. 1999

Audiol Neurotol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The technique of fMRI is able to detect changes in cerebral activity by measuring the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) effect, and the BOLD signals are directly linked to neuronal activity (22). When addressing the underlying mechanisms of regulation of food intake, it is of note that food-related information is primarily processed by the visual system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Modulates Food-Related Activity in the Central Nervous System

Guthoff

Grichisch

Canova

et al. 2010

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:We therefore investigated whether insulin modulates brain responses to food and nonfood pictures in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Design and Patients:Nine healthy, normal-weight subjects underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements to compare the effects of insulin and placebo administration during a visual recognition task with food and nonfood pictures. Insulin was administered intranasally to raise insulin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid without altering systemic effects in the periphery. Metabolic parameters were continuously determined during the experiments. Main Outcome Measure:We measured the changes in brain activity after intranasal insulin administration.Results: Food pictures were detected faster when compared to nonfood pictures in all conditions without any effect of placebo or insulin. After insulin application, functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements showed a significantly reduced activity in the presence of food pictures compared to placebo in the right and left fusiform gyrus, the right hippocampus, the right temporal superior cortex, and the right frontal middle cortex. The brain activation induced by nonfood pictures remained unaffected by insulin. Conclusion:We demonstrate that intranasal insulin led to a reduction of activity in brain areas related to object processing and memory and may have an effect on brain activation with regard to the processing of food pictures. This effect might be part of a mechanism that terminates food intake in the postprandial state. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95: 748 -755, 2010) H uman eating behavior is controlled by homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms to regulate energy homeostasis and keep body weight constant (1, 2). Regulation of energy homeostasis involves metabolic/nutritional and hormonal feedback signals from the periphery to the brain like glucose, leptin, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormones (3-9). Although the homeostatic mechanisms limit food intake, decrease body weight, and are dependent on peripheral adiposity and availability of nutrients, hedonic mechanisms respond to the sensory input associated with

show abstract

“…In addition, whereas BOLD signals include a complex mixture of CBV, CBF, and oxygenation contributions, CBF fMRI can isolate and quantify the CBF component. This technique suffers, however, from relatively poor temporal resolution (several seconds) and lower sensitivity than BOLD [65].…”

Section: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fmri)mentioning

confidence: 99%