Functional Morphology of Goblet Cells of the Small Intestine under the Influence of Various Factors

Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various physical and chemical factors. In the intestine, the contact of bacteria and the epithelium largely depends on mucus, which mainly consists of highly glycosylated mucin-2 secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium. Goblet cells are located along the entire length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of a protective layer of mucus through the synthesis and secretion of high-molecular glycoproteins known as mucins. The article presents data on the embryogenesis of the small intestine in general and goblet cells, in particular, a literary review of the role of goblet cells in the morphology of the intestinal tract, the functional aсtivity of their secretion is carried out. Due to the unique nature of this highly polarized exocrine cell, the cellular mechanisms by which goblet cells secrete their products are discussed.