Functional mother liquor reversed titanium species for the green synthesis of anatase-free hollow TS-1 with tunable titanium micro-environment via a kinetic-thermodynamic co-regulatory pathway

Abstract

Realizing anatase-free hollow TS-1 with controllable titanium micro-environment via dissolution-recrystallization for diverse catalytic reactions remains a great challenge due to the insufficient comprehension of dissolution-recrystallization mechanism, high-cost and environment issues....

Manipulation of chemical behavior of species by a temperature-program strategy: efficiently confining metal oxide nanoclusters in a hollow zeolite

“…As expected, many peaks could be clearly resolved in the spectra of the mother liquor collected under various conditions, where chemical shis at around −68 to −76, −80 to −82.7 and −82 to −92 ppm are matched with monosilicates (Q 0 ), dimer silicates (Q 1 ) and a middle group (Q 2 ), respectively. 40,41 No signals were detected for the mother liquor of the parent zeolite synthesized at 443 K. Conversely, more unsaturated silicon species remained in the mother liquor of the parent zeolite at 403 K, further suggesting imperfect crystallization at low temperature. Moreover, the temperature set in the rst heating stage directly determines the silicon species in the liquid phase, wherein the unsaturated silicon species (Q 0 , Q 1 and Q 2 ) rst further increase and then decrease as the temperature increases, and reach a maximum at 383 K. Therefore, we are able to ensure that the dissolution process dominates at temperatures below 413 K. Whereas the unsaturated silicon species remaining in the mother liquor will be further consumed to crystallize at 413 K, causing lower signal intensity than that of the parent.…”

“…39 It has also been proved that dissolution and reinsertion of metal atoms depends on the co-regulation of kinetics and thermodynamics. 40 This implies that the DR process conditions will affect the states of metal species. Therefore, revealing the influence mechanism of the DR process on the evolution of metal particles becomes key to improving the DR process and limiting the metal size at the extremely small nanoscale with a high loading amount of metal.…”

Mesoscience in Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structures

“…[39][40][41][42][43] These quintessential fields, which encompass meso-related phenomena, exhibit a remarkable degree of complexity and diversity due to the presence of collective effects. [44][45][46][47][48][49] Consequently, an intermediate level, mesoscale, emerges between the elemental scale and the system scale, giving rise to rich case studies of interactions and structures. [50,51] However, confusion in related research often arises from overlooking the differences between mesoscale regimes and their limiting cases.…”

Nano-Cavities within Nano-Zeolites: The Influencing Factors of the Fabricating Process on Their Catalytic Activities

“…The post-treatment to enhance catalytic activity was explained from the aspects of reducing microporous channels based on a hollow structure and/or improving the content of active titanium [ 11 , 23 , 31 , 32 ]. In the following research, the studies were focused on the modification of post-treatment processes and the development of catalytic applications of hollow TS-1 [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The influencing factors why post-treatment could enhance catalytic activity, however, are still not clear enough.…”