Functional Neuro-Imaging and Post-Traumatic Olfactory Impairment

Roberts, Richard J.; Sheehan, William J.; Thurber, Steven; Roberts, M. W.

doi:10.4103/0253-7176.78504

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Some evidences confirmed that directing attention to the prepulse stimulus could enhance PPI response (Heekeren et al, 2004 ; Annic et al, 2014 ). In patients, attentive deficit was found in anosmia cases (Roberts et al, 2010 ; Garcia-Sanchez et al, 2011 ). Olfactory sensory stimulus affected on the attentional response by top-down regulations via descending axonal projections from forebrain structures (Georgoussi et al, 1990 ; Yochman et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural circuits containing olfactory neurons are involved in the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in rats

Niu

Zhou

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Many neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, have been associated with olfactory dysfunction and abnormalities in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) response to a startle reflex. However, whether these two abnormalities could be related is unclear. The present investigations were designed to determine whether theblockage of olfactory sensory input by zinc sulfate infusion in the olfactory naris (0.5 ml, 0.17 M, ZnE) can disturb the PPI response. Furthermore, a bilateral microinjection of lidocaine/MK801 in the olfactory bulb (OB) was administered to examine whether the blockage of olfactory sensory input could impair the PPI response. To identify the neural projection between olfaction and PPI-related areas, trans-synaptic retrograde tracing with the recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used. Our results demonstrated that blockage of olfactory sensory input could disturb olfactory behavior. In the function studies, we demonstrated that blockage of olfactory sensory input could impair the pre-pulse inhibition of the startle response following decreased c-Fos expression in relevant brain regions during the PPI responses. Furthermore, similar and more robust findings indicated that blockage of olfactory sensory input by microinjection of lidocaine/MK801 in the OB could impair the PPI response. In the circuit-level studies, we demonstrated that trans-synaptic retrograde tracing with PRV exhibited a large portion of labeled neurons in several regions of the olfactory cortices from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). Thus, these data suggest that the olfactory system participates in the PPI regulating fields and plays a role in the pre-pulse inhibition of the startle response in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural circuits containing olfactory neurons are involved in the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in rats

Niu

Zhou

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Correia et al (2001) found that only one of a group of 15 patients with mild TBI and anosmia reported chronic unemployment problems, using the same criteria as Varney. Another study found no difference between an anosmic and a nonanosmic group of TBI patients of varying severity in employment status after injury (Crowe & Crowe, 2013). Further the review by Roberts et al (2010) concluded that there was not enough data on real world outcomes, such as vocational dysfunction, to draw conclusions about whether posttraumatic anosmia has ecological validity as an indicator of poor psychosocial prognosis.…”

Section: Hyposmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This damage to the olfactory nerve is typically associated with contusions and lacerations of the surrounding orbital frontal cortical areas (Jennett & Teasdale, 1981) leading researchers to suggest that anosmia can be used as an indicator of orbitofrontal damage following brain injury (Varney, 1988). Recent research has repeatedly demonstrated this association (for a review, see Roberts, Sheehan, Thurber, & Roberts, 2010). As an indicator of orbitofrontal damage, then, it might be expected that hyposmia would be associated with socially disinhibited behavior following TBI, which likely results from damage to the same brain region.…”

Section: Hyposmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyposmia, not emotion perception, is associated with psychosocial outcome after severe traumatic brain injury.

Osborne-Crowley¹,

McDonald²

2016

Neuropsychology

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These results support previous claims that hyposmia has prognostic significance following TBI. On the other hand, emotion perception impairment measured by standardized tasks does not appear to be an important factor in interpersonal outcomes. Finally, these results suggest that standardized emotion perception tasks may underestimate the emotion perception capabilities of people with TBI. (PsycINFO Database Record

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“…The use of functional imaging such as SPECT provides information about cerebral metabolism and perfusion (4) . Previous studies have shown reliable results in diagnosing anosmia by employing SPECT (5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The impact of MR-guided attenuation correction (compared to CT-based AC) on the diagnosis of anosmia based on 99m-Tc Ethyl-Cysteinate-Dimer SPECT images

Gholamiankhah¹,

Mostafapour²,

Razavi-Ratki³

et al. 2022

Int J Radiat Res

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Background: 99m-Tc Ethyl-Cysteinate-Dimer SPECT and MR imaging play a significant role in diagnosing anosmia. In this study, two-tissue class and three-tissue class attenuation maps (2C-MR and 3C-MR) obtained from MR images were compared with CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC). Afterward, the presence of hypo-perfusion in brain lobes was evaluated in SPECT images. Materials and Methods: The 2C-MRAC map was generated through segmentation of T1-W MR images into air and soft-tissue, while in the 3C-MRAC map, the cortical bone was also considered. For investigating MRAC approaches, the difference between activity concentration (ACC) values was estimated in 144 volumes of interest. Ten normal and fourteen anosmic patients were compared by calculating the average normalized count and standard uptake value ratio parameters in the brain lobes. Results: The comparison between attenuation correction strategies represented that MRAC images resulted in underestimation of the ACC values which was more substantial in the cortical area rather than in central regions (maximum 9% vs. 6% for 2C-MR and maximum 5.5% vs. 3.5% for 3C-MR). Nevertheless, there was a strong correlation between the MRAC and CTAC methods with a correlation coefficient of 0.7 for both 2C-MR and 3C-MR. The statistical analysis between normal and affected groups indicated the hypo-perfusion in the cortex of Lh_frontal, Rh and Lh_temporal lobes with p-values < 0.05. Conclusions: Using MRAC resulted in underestimation of activity concentration which was partly eliminated by considering the cortical bone in the 3C-MR attenuation map. Hypo-perfusion was perceived in Frontal and Temporal lobes in SPECT-MRAC images of the anosmic group.

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Functional Neuro-Imaging and Post-Traumatic Olfactory Impairment

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Neural circuits containing olfactory neurons are involved in the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in rats

Neural circuits containing olfactory neurons are involved in the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in rats

Hyposmia, not emotion perception, is associated with psychosocial outcome after severe traumatic brain injury.

The impact of MR-guided attenuation correction (compared to CT-based AC) on the diagnosis of anosmia based on 99m-Tc Ethyl-Cysteinate-Dimer SPECT images

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