Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Archidoris pseudoargus

Wertz, Adrian; Rößler, Wolfgang; Obermayer, Malu; Bickmeyer, Ulf

doi:10.1007/s10152-007-0061-z

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…According to JahanParwar (1972), Audesirk (1975), Bicker et al (1982) and Croll (1983) these organs are primarily involved in chemoreception. Chemoreception is generally the most important modality for marine gastropods because auditory and visual information are limited (Audesirk 1975;Chase 2002;Wertz et al 2006Wertz et al , 2007. Chemical senses are used in Wnding food, avoiding predators, homing and interacting with conspeciWcs (Emery 1992); however, the CSOs are also sensitive to mechanical stimuli (Jahan-Parwar 1972;Bicker et al 1982), water currents (Wolter 1967;Storch and Welsch 1969) and light (Chase 1979;Jacklet 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative immunohistochemistry of the cephalic sensory organs in Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

2008

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The structure and function of the central nervous systems of opisthobranch gastropods have been studied extensively. However, the organisation and function of the peripheral nervous system are poorly understood. The cephalic sensory organs (CSOs) are known to be chemosensory structures in the head region of opisthobranchs. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical methods and confocal laserscanning microscopy to comparatively examine the CSOs of diVerent opisthobranchs, namely Acteon tornatilis, Aplysia punctata, Archidoris pseudoargus and Haminoea hydatis. We wanted to characterise sensory epithelia in order to infer the function of sensory structures and the organs they constitute. Immunoreactivity against the three antigens tyrosine hydroxylase, FMRFamide and serotonin was very similar in the CSOs of all investigated species. Tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity was detected primarily in subepidermal sensory cell bodies, which were much more abundant in the anteriorly situated CSOs. This observation indicates that these cells and the respective organs may be involved in contact chemoreception and mechanoreception. The dominant features of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity, especially in the posterior CSOs, were tightly knotted Wbres which reveal glomerulus-like structures. This suggests an olfactory role for these organs. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity was detected in an extensive network of eVerent Wbres, but was not found within any peripheral cell bodies. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity was found in the same glomerulus-like structures as FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity, indicating a function of serotonin in the eVerent control of olfactory inputs. Besides this functional implication, this study could also add some knowledge on the doubtful homology of the CSOs in opisthobranch gastropods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative immunohistochemistry of the cephalic sensory organs in Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

2008

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“…The potency of the alkaloids to disturb voltage-dependent calcium entry demonstrates the compounds to be potent neurotoxins. This has to be investigated in behavioral and neurophysiological experiments using predator species like sea slugs or others (Wertz et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance of voltage-induced cellular calcium entry by marine dimeric and tetrameric pyrrole–imidazole alkaloids

Bickmeyer

Grube

Klings

et al. 2007

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Twelve brominated pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids from the Caribbean sponges Stylissa caribica and Agelas wiedenmayeri were tested for interactions with cellular calcium homeostasis using PC12 cells. Massadine (half maximal concentration: 5.3270.007 mM), stylissadines A (4.4871.1 mM) and B (4.671.6 mM) as well as tetrabromostyloguanidine (15.670.004 mM) reduced voltage-dependent calcium entry in PC12 cells as measured with Fura II as calcium indicator. Dibromopalau 0 amine and mauritiamine reduced voltage-dependent calcium entry but no half maximal concentration can be calculated from our results. Monomeric brominated pyrrole alkaloids such as stevensine, cyclooroidin, oxocyclostylidol, 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxy-N(e)-lysine, and 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxyarginine showed no or only minor effects. Ageladine A itself showed fluorescence in a similar range as Fura II and therefore no data are reported here. Based on the results a structure-activity relationship could be established. Absolutely necessary for an activity seem to be a lipophilic (brominated side chain) and a hydrophilic (amino-imidazole core) substructure. The combination of these substructures may be on one hand responsible for the membrane solubility (dibromopyrrole moieties) and on the other hand for the interaction with the hydrophilic area of the calcium channel (amino-imidazole moieties) to accomplish the alkaloids neurotoxic potential. r

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“…Their ultrastructure and neuroanatomical organization have been described, and includes a rhinophore groove where a specialized epithelium contains the majority of sensory neurons. It has been reported that the sensory neurons have axons that project back to either glomeruli or rhinophore ganglia, and dendrites that end in surface-exposed cilia (Emery and Audesirk, 1978;Wertz et al, 2006). Tentacle retraction (called a twitch) is a mechanism by which odor molecules are removed from the olfactory epithelium, thus providing improved temporal resolution for olfactory perception (Lemaire and Chase, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of candidate chemoreceptor genes and signal transduction components in the sensory epithelium ofAplysia

Cummins

LeBlanc

Degnan

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAn ability to sense and respond to environmental cues is essential to the survival of most marine animals. How water-borne chemical cues are detected at the molecular level and processed by molluscs is currently unknown. In this study, we cloned two genes from the marine mollusk Aplysia dactylomela which encode multi-transmembrane proteins. We have performed in situ hybridization that reveals expression and spatial distribution within the long-distance chemosensory organs, the rhinophores. This finding suggests that they could be receptors involved in binding water-borne chemicals and coupling to an intracellular signal pathway. In support of this, we found expression of a phospholipase C and an inositol trisphosphate receptor in the rhinophore sensory epithelia and possibly distributed within outer dendrites of olfactory sensory neurons. In Aplysia, mate attraction and subsequent reproduction is initiated by responding to a cocktail of water-borne protein pheromones released by animal conspecifics. We show that the rhinophore contraction in response to pheromone stimulants is significantly altered following phospholipase C inhibition. Overall, these data provide insight into the molecular components of chemosensory detection in a mollusk. An important next step will be the elucidation of how these coordinate the detection of chemical cues present in the marine environment and activation of sensory neurons.

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Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Archidoris pseudoargus

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Comparative immunohistochemistry of the cephalic sensory organs in Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Comparative immunohistochemistry of the cephalic sensory organs in Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Disturbance of voltage-induced cellular calcium entry by marine dimeric and tetrameric pyrrole–imidazole alkaloids

Molecular identification of candidate chemoreceptor genes and signal transduction components in the sensory epithelium ofAplysia

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