Functional neuroimaging of the Iowa Gambling Task in older adults.

Halfmann, Kameko; Hedgcock, William; Bechara, Antoine; Denburg, Natalie L.

doi:10.1037/neu0000120

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The combination of relatively preserved insula signaling and age-related differences in vmPFC signaling in response to increasing risk observed from the parametric analyses support the notion of the vmPFC as a platform for integration and convergence of information (Schonberg et al, 2012; Bartra et al, 2013; Clithero and Rangel, 2014; Halfmann et al, 2014, 2016). Specifically, we propose that with age, individuals may attach different weights to different aspects of a decision context, or alternatively, are less consistent across time in the weights attached to particular options.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Functionally, impaired integration processes from the vmPFC may arise from less effective coding by single systems or degrading glutamatergic projections from the medial PFC to the striatum (Samanez-Larkin and Knutson, 2015). Recent work by Halfmann et al (2014, 2016) linked reduced vmPFC signaling to disadvantageous decision patterns in the Iowa Gambling Task, which the authors interpreted as support for the notion of noisier value representation in older adults (Li et al, 2007; Samanez-Larkin et al, 2010). This view is also consistent with previous studies showing age-related reductions in activity during learning from rewards in the vmPFC but not during learning from monetary losses in the insula and striatum (Eppinger et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Altered Value Coding in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Healthy Older Adults

Mamerow

Lei

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Previous work suggests that aging is associated with changes in risk taking but less is known about their underlying neural basis, such as the potential age differences in the neural processing of value and risk. The goal of the present study was to investigate adult age differences in functional neural responses in a naturalistic risk-taking task. Twenty-six young adults and 27 healthy older adults completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Young and older adults showed similar overt risk-taking behavior. Group comparison of neural activity in response to risky vs. control stimuli revealed similar patterns of activation in the bilateral striatum, anterior insula (AI) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Group comparison of parametrically modulated activity in response to continued pumping similarly revealed comparable results for both age groups in the AI and, potentially, the striatum, yet differences emerged for regional activity in the vmPFC. At whole brain level, insular, striatal and vmPFC activation was predictive of behavioral risk taking for young but not older adults. The current results are interpreted and discussed as preserved neural tracking of risk and reward in the AI and striatum, respectively, but altered value coding in the vmPFC in the two age groups. The latter finding points toward older adults exhibiting differential vmPFC-related integration and value coding. Furthermore, neural activation holds differential predictive validity for behavioral risk taking in young and older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Altered Value Coding in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Healthy Older Adults

Mamerow

Lei

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Along with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Halfmann et al (2016) reported a greater activity in the striatum during IGT performance in older adults. Thereby, the increased activity in prefrontal cortex was already reported in a previous study of the authors ( Halfmann et al, 2014 ), where older adults showed more advantageous behavior in the IGT. Applying a two-choice prediction paradigm while participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging, Hosseini et al (2010) reported a network of brain regions activated in healthy older adults similar to their younger counterparts.…”

Section: Age-related Changes In Decision-making Performancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Decision Making under Ambiguity and Objective Risk in Higher Age – A Review on Cognitive and Emotional Contributions

et al. 2017

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The ability of decision making plays a highly relevant role in our survival, but is adversely affected during the process of aging. The present review aims to provide a better understanding of age-related differences in decision making and the role of cognitive and emotional factors in this context. We reviewed the literature about age-effects on decision-making performance, focusing on decision making under ambiguous and objective risk. In decisions under ambiguous risks, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, decisions are based on the experiences with consequences. In this case, many articles have attributed age-related impairments in decision making to changes in emotional and somatic reward- and punishment processing. In decisions under objective risks, as measured for example by the Game of Dice Task, decisions can be based on explicit information about risks and consequences. In this case, age-related changes have been attributed mainly to a cognitive decline, particularly impaired executive functions. However, recent findings challenge these conclusions. The present review summarizes neuropsychological and neurophysiological findings of age-related differences in decision making under ambiguous and objective risk. In this context, the relevance of learning, but also of cognitive and emotional contributors – responsible for age-related differences in decision making – are additionally pointed out.

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“…[(C + D)−(A + B)]. Performance in the IGT predicts performance on other decision making tasks such as temporal discounting (Halfmann et al , 2014) and consumer decision making (Denburg et al , 2007). Human lesion (Glascher et al , 2012) and neuroimaging studies (Rogalsky et al , 2012) have shown that performance in the IPT requires integrity of the VMPFC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control, reward-related decision making and outcomes of late-life depression treated with an antidepressant

et al. 2015

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Background Executive processes consist of at least two sets of functions: one concerned with cognitive control and the other with reward-related decision making. Abnormal performance in both sets occurs in late-life depression. This study tested the hypothesis that only abnormal performance in cognitive control tasks predicts poor outcomes of late-life depression treated with escitalopram. Methods We studied older subjects with major depression (N=53) and non-depressed subjects (N=30). Executive functions were tested with the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), Stroop Color/Word test, Tower of London, and Dementia Rating Scale-Initiation/Perseveration Domain (DRS-IP). After a 2-week placebo washout, depressed subjects received escitalopram (target daily dose: 20 mg) for 12 weeks. Results There were no significant differences between depressed and non-depressed subjects on executive function tests. Hierarchical cluster analysis of depressed subjects identified a Cognitive Control Cluster (abnormal Stroop, Tower, DRS-IP), a Reward-Related Cluster (IGT), and an Executively Unimpaired Cluster. Decline in depression was greater in the Executively Unimpaired (t=−2.09, df=331, p=0.0375) and the Reward-Related Cluster (t=−2.33, df=331,p=0.0202) than the Cognitive Control Cluster. The Executively Unimpaired Cluster (t=2.17, df=331, p=0.03) and the Reward-Related Cluster (t=2.03, df=331, p=0.0433) had a higher probability of remission than the Cognitive Control Cluster. Conclusions Dysfunction of cognitive control functions, but not reward-related decision making, may influence the decline of symptoms and the probability of remission of late-life depression treated with escitalopram. If replicated, simple to administer cognitive control tests may be used to select depressed older patients at risk for poor outcomes to SSRIs who may require structured psychotherapy.

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Functional neuroimaging of the Iowa Gambling Task in older adults.

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Altered Value Coding in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Healthy Older Adults

Altered Value Coding in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Healthy Older Adults

Decision Making under Ambiguity and Objective Risk in Higher Age – A Review on Cognitive and Emotional Contributions

Cognitive control, reward-related decision making and outcomes of late-life depression treated with an antidepressant

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