Functional nutrients in infants born by vaginal delivery or Cesarean section

Lista, Gianluca; Meneghin, Fabio; Bresesti, Ilia; Castoldi, Francesca

doi:10.4081/pmc.2017.184

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A general consensus points to the principle that, although intrauterine life is characterized by a restricted, if any, exposure to microbes, an infant's gastrointestinal tract colonization mostly occurs after birth after exposure to maternal colonic, vaginal and skin microbiota [19][20][21]. However, the establishment of the gut microbiome in preterm neonates still needs to be fully clarified.…”

Section: Development Of the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota At A Glancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota-Gut Axis in Premature Infants: Physio-Pathological Implications

Bresesti

Salvatore

Valetti

et al. 2022

Cells

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Intriguing evidence is emerging in regard to the influence of gut microbiota composition and function on host health from the very early stages of life. The development of the saprophytic microflora is conditioned by several factors in infants, and peculiarities have been found for babies born prematurely. This population is particularly exposed to a high risk of infection, postnatal antibiotic treatment, feeding difficulties and neurodevelopmental disabilities. To date, there is still a wide gap in understanding all the determinants and the mechanism behind microbiota disruption and its influence in the development of the most common complications of premature infants. A large body of evidence has emerged during the last decades showing the existence of a bidirectional communication axis involving the gut microbiota, the gut and the brain, defined as the microbiota–gut–brain axis. In this context, given that very few data are available to demonstrate the correlation between microbiota dysbiosis and neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants, increasing interest has arisen to better understand the impact of the microbiota–gut–brain axis on the clinical outcomes of premature infants and to clarify how this may lead to alternative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we explored the current evidence regarding microbiota development in premature infants, focusing on the effects of delivery mode, type of feeding, environmental factors and possible influence of the microbiota–gut–brain axis on preterm clinical outcomes during their hospital stay and on their health status later in life.

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Section: Development Of the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota At A Glancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota-Gut Axis in Premature Infants: Physio-Pathological Implications

Bresesti

Salvatore

Valetti

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…Early antibiotic exposure is associated with increased antibiotic resistance and intestinal microbiome impoverishment [ 18 , 19 ], and it has also been linked with late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, increased mortality and long-term health outcomes. Administration of antibiotics is also related to admission to the intensive care unit, invasive procedures and higher hospital costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Management of Neonates ≥34 Weeks’ Gestation at Risk of Early Onset Sepsis: A Pilot Study

et al. 2023

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Early onset sepsis (EOS) is a potentially fatal condition in neonates, and its correct management is still challenging for neonatologists. Early antibiotic administration in the neonatal period may carry short- and long-term risks. Neonatal EOS calculator has been recently introduced as a new strategy to manage infants at risk of sepsis, and has shown promising results. Methods: In this single-center observational retrospective study, 1000 neonates ≥ 34 weeks’ gestation were enrolled with the aim to evaluate our standard protocol for the management of suspected EOS compared to the EOS calculator. Outcome measures included the following: (1) incidence of EOS and (2) proportion of infants in need of sepsis evaluations and antibiotics using our standard protocol versus theoretical application of EOS calculator. Results: A total of 223/1000 infants underwent blood investigations versus 35/1000 (3.5%) if EOS calculator had been applied (p < 0.0001; k = 0.18). Furthermore, 48/1000 infants received antibiotics with our protocol versus 35/1000 with EOS calculator (p = 0.12; k = 0.58). Three infants had a positive blood culture that EOS calculator would have missed. Conclusions: In our study, EOS calculator could have reduced investigations but not antibiotic therapy. EOS calculator is an effective and promising tool, but further studies are required to improve it.

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“…On the other hand, they reveal that the duration of supplementation to ensure a lasting beneficial effect is yet unknown and is another gap to fill in clinical studies [ 56 ]. Lista et al agree with the idea of maternal and neonatal supplementation with functional nutrients to correct dysbiosis and reduce newborn disease [ 57 ]. Moya-Pérez et al highlight the importance of these interventions for host immunity, metabolism, and the gut-brain axis to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders in caesarean children [ 58 ].…”

Section: Prevention Of Pediatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Prebiotics from Pregnancy and Its Complications: Health for Mother and Offspring—A Narrative Review

García-Montero

Fraile-Martínez

Rodriguez-Martín

et al. 2023

Foods

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Pregnancy involves a metabolic reprogramming that includes changes in the gut microbiota composition in women. Evidence shows that maternal dysbiosis is linked to neonatal dysbiosis, and this factor can determine health status in adulthood. Although there is little literature available on this topic, high heterogeneity is a limitation when examining nutritional interventions. Information has been gathered to contrast the benefits of prebiotic usage, specifically in pregnancy, in its possible complications and in newborns’ gut microbiota development. The objective pursued in this brief narrative review is to provide a clear summary of relevant content when searching with regard to the use of prebiotics in pregnancy, the effects in prenatal and postnatal periods, and to help in clinical decision-making in pregnancy management and lactation. A search has found that the nutritional status of the pregnant mother is key for the earliest microbial colonization in newborns, and thus intervention programs from pregnancy could assure better outcomes in both the mother and offspring. In this sense, prebiotics (administered to mothers who breastfeed or provided in formula milk) are feasible and cost-effective elements that can prevent allergies, colic, and other maladies in newborns.

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Functional nutrients in infants born by vaginal delivery or Cesarean section

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

The Microbiota-Gut Axis in Premature Infants: Physio-Pathological Implications

The Microbiota-Gut Axis in Premature Infants: Physio-Pathological Implications

The Management of Neonates ≥34 Weeks’ Gestation at Risk of Early Onset Sepsis: A Pilot Study

The Use of Prebiotics from Pregnancy and Its Complications: Health for Mother and Offspring—A Narrative Review

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