2019
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49328-1
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Functional organization of motor networks in the lumbosacral spinal cord of non-human primates

Abstract: Implantable spinal-cord-neuroprostheses aiming to restore standing and walking after paralysis have been extensively studied in animal models (mainly cats) and have shown promising outcomes. This study aimed to take a critical step along the clinical translation path of these neuroprostheses, and investigated the organization of the neural networks targeted by these implants in a non-human primate. This was accomplished by advancing a microelectrode into various locations of the lumbar enlargement of the spina… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord has been extensively used as a complementary approach for rehabilitation of patients with SCI [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The role of the specific neural targets and parameters of stimulation in the restoration of the motor functions has been described previously in animals and in humans [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. To date, however, there is no consistent protocol for spinal cord stimulation after SCI available for clinical practice [ 16 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord has been extensively used as a complementary approach for rehabilitation of patients with SCI [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The role of the specific neural targets and parameters of stimulation in the restoration of the motor functions has been described previously in animals and in humans [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. To date, however, there is no consistent protocol for spinal cord stimulation after SCI available for clinical practice [ 16 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Knowledge about the dimensions of the spinal cord is important for investigations of treatments such as stem cell therapies [41] and spinal cord neuroprostheses [35], [42]. Knowing the dimensions of targeted regions of the spinal cord is essential for surgical planning and successful delivery of cells, drugs, electrodes or optrodes to their intraparenchymal targets.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As an example, intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) [17], [18], [33] is a spinal cord neuroprosthesis for restoring mobility after spinal cord injury that involves the implantation of fine microelectrodes into the ventral horns of the spinal cord to activate functional spinal motor networks. ISMS microelectrodes are typically implanted perpendicularly to the major axis of the cord along the anteroposterior (dorsoventral) axis [22], [42], and target regions within Rexed lamina IX of the spinal cord [35], [46], [47]. Therefore, technological design and surgical implantation of ISMS implants requires species-and segment-specific knowledge about the location and dimensions of the ventral horns.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The observed functional organization of the mapped region of the spinal cord in this animal was consistent with functional maps for the lumbar spinal cords of pigs, 10 cats, 26,27 and rhesus monkeys. 39…”
Section: Intraoperative Isms Using the Spinal Stereotactic Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%