Functional organization of peripheral vasomotor pathways

Gibbins, Ian L.; Jobling, Phillip; Morris, J.L.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01079.x

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…These fibres contain CGRP and SubP and have the capacity to release these neurotransmitters, thereby influencing the underlying neurones. A similar arrangement has been reported within the cardiac ganglia (Hardwick et al 1995;Gibbins et al 2003) and the ganglia in the oesophageal sphincter (Mazzia and Clerc 1997). This arrangement of sensor, integrating neural network and output to muscle has been demonstrated to generate local reflexes within the tissues.…”

Section: A Conceptual Structural Modelmentioning

confidence: 60%

Sensory collaterals, intramural ganglia and motor nerves in the guinea-pig bladder: evidence for intramural neural circuits

2006

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The afferent output from the bladder is important for triggering micturition. This study identifies different types of afferent nerve and explores the connections of their collateral fibres on intramural ganglia and potential ganglionic targets. The experiments were performed on tissues from male guinea-pigs (n=16). Fibres positive for choline acetyl transferase (ChAT(+)) were found to originate close to the urothelium, to transit the sub-urothelial interstitial cell layer and to pass into the lamina propria. A different population of fibres, immunopositive for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), capsaicin receptors or neurofilament protein (NF), were seen to intertwine with the ChAT(+) fibres in the lamina propria. The ChAT(+) fibres did not express NF. Ganglia with ChAT(+) and NF(+) neurones were found in the lamina propria and muscle. ChAT(+) fibres, with pronounced terminal varicosities, were present on the nerve cell bodies. Two types were noted: NF(+) terminals and those with little or no NF (NF(-)) suggesting that their origins were the ChAT(+) afferent collaterals and the adjacent ganglia. Fibres containing CGRP or substance P were seen on the ganglionic cells. alpha1B adrenergic receptors were also found on the neurones indicative of adrenergic synapses. Thus, the ganglia had multiple inputs. Different types of ChAT(+) nerves were seen in the muscle: NF(+) and NF(-). The ChAT(+)/NF(+) nerves may represent a ganglionic output to the muscle. This complex neuronal network may therefore represent the elements generating and modulating bladder sensations. The role of such a scheme in bladder pathology and the therapeutic sites of action of anticholinergic and sympathomimetic drugs are discussed.

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Section: A Conceptual Structural Modelmentioning

confidence: 60%

Sensory collaterals, intramural ganglia and motor nerves in the guinea-pig bladder: evidence for intramural neural circuits

2006

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“…However, little attention has been paid to one of the major players in the regulation of vascular resistance: the autonomic efferent nerves. In fact, vascular tone is mainly regulated reciprocally by sympathetic vasoconstrictor and nitrergic (parasympathetic) vasodilatory nerves [19,20]. Up-regulation of n(euronal)-NOS has been recently demonstrated in mesenteric arteries of PVL rats [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Down-regulation of genes related to the adrenergic system may contribute to splanchnic vasodilation in rat portal hypertension

Coll

Genescà

Raurell

et al. 2008

Journal of Hepatology

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“…The human cutaneous vasculature is innervated by the autonomic nervous system (120), and it is sympathetic adrenergic nerve fibers that mediate cutaneous blood vessel tone during normothermia (core temperature ϳ37°C and skin temperature ϳ33-34°C), as well the vasoconstriction that occurs in response to cold exposure (77). Surgical sympathectomy (55,57) or experimental blockade of neurotransmitter release from adrenergic nerve terminals (82,149) abolished the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to whole body cooling, clearly demonstrating the critical role of the sympathetic nervous system for an appropriate vascular response.…”

Section: Thermoregulatory Control Of Skin Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic control of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in human aging

Greaney

Alexander

Kenney

2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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This Synthesis highlights a series of recent studies that has systematically interrogated age-related deficits in cold-induced skin vasoconstriction. In response to cold stress, a reflex increase in sympathetic nervous system activity mediates reductions in skin blood flow. Reflex vasoconstriction during cold exposure is markedly impaired in aged skin, contributing to the relative inability of healthy older adults to maintain core temperature during mild cold stress in the absence of appropriate behavioral thermoregulation. This compromised reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in healthy aging can occur as a result of functional deficits at multiple points along the efferent sympathetic reflex axis, including blunted sympathetic outflow directed to the skin vasculature, reduced presynaptic neurotransmitter synthesis and/or release, and altered end-organ responsiveness at several loci, in addition to potential alterations in afferent thermoreceptor function. Arguments have been made that the relative inability of aged skin to appropriately constrict is due to the aging cutaneous arterioles themselves, whereas other data point to the neural circuitry controlling those vessels. The argument presented herein provides strong evidence for impaired efferent sympathetic control of the peripheral cutaneous vasculature during whole body cold exposure as the primary mechanism responsible for attenuated vasoconstriction.

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Functional organization of peripheral vasomotor pathways

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Sensory collaterals, intramural ganglia and motor nerves in the guinea-pig bladder: evidence for intramural neural circuits

Sensory collaterals, intramural ganglia and motor nerves in the guinea-pig bladder: evidence for intramural neural circuits

Down-regulation of genes related to the adrenergic system may contribute to splanchnic vasodilation in rat portal hypertension

Sympathetic control of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in human aging

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