Functional Properties of Kenaf Bast Fibre Anhydride Modification Enhancement with Bionanocarbon in Polymer Nanobiocomposites

Abstract

The miscibility between hydrophilic biofibre and hydrophobic matrix has been a challenge in developing polymer biocomposite. This study investigated the anhydride modification effect of propionic and succinic anhydrides on Kenaf fibre’s functional properties in vinyl ester bionanocomposites. Bionanocarbon from oil palm shell agricultural wastes enhanced nanofiller properties in the fibre-matrix interface via the resin transfer moulding technique. The succinylated fibre with the addition of the nanofiller in vinyl ester provided great improvement of the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of 92.47 ± 1.19 MPa, 108.34 ± 1.40 MPa, and 8.94 ± 0.12 kJ m−2, respectively than the propionylated fibre. The physical, morphological, chemical structural, and thermal properties of bionanocomposites containing 3% bionanocarbon loading showed better enhancement properties. This enhancement was associated with the effect of the anhydride modification and the nanofiller’s homogeneity in bionanocarbon-Kenaf fibre-vinyl ester bonding. It appears that Kenaf fibre modified with propionic and succinic anhydrides incorporated with bionanocarbon can be successfully utilised as reinforcing materials in vinyl ester matrix.

Hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of purified lignin nanoparticles reinforced marine‐derived biopolymer composites

“…As seen in the figure, the peaks and corresponding functional groups displayed the qualitative data through the infrared spectra on the presence of the ULNP and PLNP with transmittance (%) against the spectra of absorption bands (cm −1 ). The wide region peaks of 3200–3600 cm −1 represented the OH (hydroxyl) groups stretching vibration in aromatic and aliphatic structures, which involved hydrogen bonding interaction 36 . Hydrogen bonding, a non‐covalent interaction, is important in the functional properties of biopolymers.…”

“…The wide region peaks of 3200-3600 cm À1 represented the O H (hydroxyl) groups stretching vibration in aromatic and aliphatic structures, which involved hydrogen bonding interaction. 36 Hydrogen bonding, a non-covalent interaction, is important in the functional properties of biopolymers. The O H groups in phenolic and alcoholic compounds contribute to forming a variety of inter-and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds.…”

Unveiling new frontiers: Bast fiber‐reinforced polymer composites and their mechanical properties

“…In a study by Niu et al, maleic acid‐grafted polypropylene matrix vastly increases the tensile and thermal properties of hemp fiber‐reinforced composite 133 . Rizal et al 134 investigated the functional properties of kenaf bast fiber which was modified with bio‐nanocarbon within the polymer composite with propionic and succinic anhydrides to enhance the functional properties of vinyl ester composites. The fiber–matrix interface was prepared with the resin transfer molding process.…”