Functional proteins of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and phospholipids, and are a novel mechanism of intercellular communication. It has been proposed that the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are mainly mediated by soluble paracrine factors and MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs). Recent studies suggest that MSC-EVs may serve as a novel and cell-free alternative to whole-cell therapies. The focus of this review is to discuss the functional proteins which facilitate the effects of MSC-EVs. The first section of the review discusses the general functions of EV proteins. Next, we describe the proteomics of MSC-EVs as compared with their parental cells. Then, the review presents the current knowledge that protein contents of MSC-EVs play an essential role in immunomodulation and treatment of various diseases. In summary, functional protein components are at least partially responsible for disease-modulating capacity of MSC-EVs.

Local delivery of USC-derived exosomes harboring ANGPTL3 enhances spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis

“…The effects of MSC-derived exosomes have been primarily attributed to their cargo molecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA and multiple RNA species [22][23][24][25]. In the present study, we demonstrated that labeled exosomes could cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in the spine and migrate to the injured area.…”

Local delivery of USC-derived Exosome Carrying ANGPTL3 Enhance Spinal Cord Functional Recovery After Injury by Promoting Angiogenesis

“…MSC derived exosome exert their function have been mainly attributed to their cargo molecules such as proteins, lipids, DNAand multiple RNA species [22][23][24][25]. In the current study, we demonstrated that the label exosome could cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in spinal and migrate to the injured area, as well as the transfer of their speci c cargo, the speci c presence of pro-angiogenic molecules, ANGPTL3 within exosome to damaged tissue.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Sepsis

“…Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that MSC-EVs modulate immune response by producing cytokines, growth factors, and tolerogenic molecules, such as IL-10, IL-6, IL-37, and lipocalin-2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1), galectin-1, etc. (20,23,24). Other than proteins, MSC-EVs are enriched with nucleic acids, including mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and DNA (25).…”