Functional Recovery and Expression of GDNF Seen in Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction

Horinouchi, Keisuke; Ikeda, Satoshi; Harada, Katsuhiro; Ohwatashi, Akihiko; Kamikawa, Yurie; Yoshida, Akira; Nomoto, Yoshiko; Etoh, Seiji; Kawahira, Kazumi

doi:10.1080/00207450600582124

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…We previously evaluated recovery from hemiplegia and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using a photochemically induced cerebral infarction model of the rat [2]. There are several advantages of using the photochemically induced cerebral infarction model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to clinical rehabilitation, functional deficits resulting from stroke are long term. However, functional ability in the rat recovers to almost pre-infarct levels within 2 weeks after photochemical induction [1], [2]. A recent report that used a marmoset model of middle cerebral artery occlusion indicated that functional deficits were slow to recover [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Working tasks are often used to evaluate motor behavior in cerebral infarction models, such as for the beam walking test in rats [1], [2] and the Hill and Valley Staircase test in marmosets [4], [5]. However, as these evaluation methods are affected by the repetition of the tasks, they are unsuitable for evaluation of the natural recovery process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Non-Human Primate Model of Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction

et al. 2013

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Background and PurposeRat models of photochemically induced cerebral infarction have been readily studied, but to date there are no reports of transcranial photochemically induced infarctions in the marmoset. In this report, we used this non-human primate as a model of cerebral thrombosis and observed the recovery process.MethodsFive common marmosets were used. Cerebral ischemia was produced via intravascular thrombosis induced by an intravenous injection of Rose Bengal and irradiation with green light. After inducing cerebral infarction, we observed the behavior of marmosets via a continuous video recording. We evaluated maximum speed, mean speed, and distance traveled in 1 min. In addition, we evaluated scores for feeding behavior, upper limb grip, and lower limb grip. We confirmed the infarct area after cerebral infarction using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining in a separate marmoset.ResultsWe found functional decreases 2 days after creating the cerebral infarction in all measurements. Total distance traveled, average speed, upper limb score, and feeding behavior score did not recover to pre-infarction levels within 28 days. Maximum speed in 1 min and lower limb score recovered 28 days after infarction as compared to pre-infarction levels. We confirmed the infarct area of 11.4 mm×6.8 mm as stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride.ConclusionWe were able to create a primate photothrombosis-induced cerebral infarction model using marmosets and observe functional recovery. We suggest that this is a useful model for basic research of cerebral infarction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Non-Human Primate Model of Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction

et al. 2013

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“…In order to target the sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex, green light with a 10 mm diameter was irradiated into the exposed skull 6 mm lateral to the midline and 4 mm posterior to bregma. Rose bengal was injected through the tail vein [15]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Edaravone, a Free Radical Scavenger, on Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction in a Rat Hemiplegic Model

Ikeda

Harada

Ohwatashi

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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Edaravone is a free radical scavenger that protects the adjacent cortex during cerebral infarction. We created a hemiparetic model of cerebral thrombosis from a photochemically induced infarction with the photosensitive dye, rose bengal, in rats. We examined the effects of edaravone on recovery in the model. A total of 36 adult Wistar rats were used. The right sensorimotor area was irradiated with green light with a wavelength of 533 nm (10 mm diameter), and the rose bengal was injected intravenously to create an infarction. The edaravone group was injected intraperitoneally with edaravone (3 mg/kg), and the control group was injected with saline. The recovery process of the hemiplegia was evaluated with the 7-step scale of Fenny. The infarcted areas were measured after fixation. The recovery of the paralysis in the edaravone-treated group was significantly earlier than that in the untreated group. Seven days later, both groups were mostly recovered and had scores of 7, and the infarction region was significantly smaller in the edaravone-treated group. Edaravone reduced the infarction area and promoted the functional recovery of hemiparesis from cerebral thrombosis in a rat model. These findings suggest that edaravone treatment would be effective in clinical patients recovering from cerebral infarction.

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“…Rose bengal was injected intravenously (20 mg/kg), and the sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex was irradiated transcranially for 20 min. Irradiation was performed using green light (533-nm wavelength) and a fiber optic light guide of 10 mm diameter (MHF-G150LR, MSG10-1100S; Moritex, Tokyo) (Horinouchi et al 2007 Ohwatashi et al 2013 ). Animals were subsequently divided into 3 groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expected for acquisition movement exercise is more effective for functional recovery than simple exercise in a rat model of hemiplegia

et al. 2013

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Background and purposeThe use of novel rehabilitative approaches for effecting functional recovery following stroke is controversial. Effects of different but effective rehabilitative interventions in the hemiplegic patient are not clear. We studied the effects of different rehabilitative approaches on functional recovery in the rat photochecmical cerebral infarction model.MethodsTwenty-four male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were used. The cranial bone was exposed under deep anesthesia. Rose bengal (20 mg/kg) was injected intravenously, and the sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex was irradiated transcranially for 20 min with a light beam of 533-nm wavelength. Animals were divided into 3 groups. In the simple-exercise group, treadmill exercise was performed for 20 min every day. In the expected for acquisition movement-training group, beam-walking exercise was done for 20 min daily. The control group was left to recover without additional intervention. Hindlimb function was evaluated with the beam-walking test.ResultsFollowing cerebral infarction, dysfunction of the contralateral extremities was observed. Functional recovery was observed earlier in the expected for acquisition training group than in the other groups. Although rats in the treadmill group recovered more quickly than controls, the beam-walking group had the shortest overall recovery time.ConclusionsExercise facilitated functional recovery in the rat hemiplegic model, and expected for acquisition exercise was more effective than simple exercise. These findings are considered to have important implications for the future development of clinical rehabilitation programs.

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Functional Recovery and Expression of GDNF Seen in Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

A New Non-Human Primate Model of Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction

A New Non-Human Primate Model of Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction

Effects of Edaravone, a Free Radical Scavenger, on Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction in a Rat Hemiplegic Model

Expected for acquisition movement exercise is more effective for functional recovery than simple exercise in a rat model of hemiplegia

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