Functional response of Franklinothrips vespiformis (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) to eggs and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Abstract

The Middle East Asia Minor 1 biotype of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a greenhouse and field crop pest of global significance. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of the generalist predatory thrips, Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), as a biological control agent for B. tabaci. This was achieved by determining the functional responses of F. vespiformis larvae and adults to the egg and nymphal stages of B. tabaci under laboratory conditions. Analyses consisted of 10 replicates of each predator and prey stage combination on bean leaf discs for a 24-h period. Following logistic regression analyses to determine the functional response type exhibited, response parameters were estimated with nonlinear least squares regression using Roger’s equation. Results showed that F. vespiformis larvae and adults exhibited a Type II functional response when feeding on immature B. tabaci. The handling times (Th) of F. vespiformis larvae and adults were magnitudes higher for B. tabaci nymphs than they were for eggs, which were in part driven by the higher attack rates (a) observed on eggs. The maximum attack rate (T/Th) for B. tabaci eggs and nymphs exhibited by first-stage larvae, second-stage larvae, and adult F. vespiformis increased with increasing predator age. Results from this study suggest that F. vespiformis larvae and particularly adults are promising biological control agents for B. tabaci and are efficient predators at both low and high prey densities.