Functional role of corpus callosum regions in human memory functioning

Associations of Unilateral Whisker and Olfactory Signals Induce Synapse Formation and Memory Cell Recruitment in Bilateral Barrel Cortices: Cellular Mechanism for Unilateral Training Toward Bilateral Memory

“…The physiological impact of unilateral training toward bilateral memory is for bilateral limbs to be coordination and mutual substitute. As the corpus callosum connects two cerebral hemispheres (Witelson, 1985; Dubb et al, 2003) and coordinates the bimanual motions (Lum et al, 2011; Kozlovskiy et al, 2012; Gooijers and Swinnen, 2014), it may be involved in unilateral training toward bilateral memory. However, this structure mainly coordinates bilateral events related to motions and special sensations (Lum et al, 2011; Gooijers and Swinnen, 2014), but not those related to somatic sensation (Armstrong-James and George, 1988; Kawaguchi, 1992; Shuler et al, 2001; Glazewski et al, 2007).…”

“…Operative ability and precision are greater in the training side than contralateral side. This signal transfer from unilateral learning to bilateral memory is essential for bilateral limbs to coordinately handle environment changes, in which the corpus callosum may be required since it connects bilateral hemispheres (Witelson, 1985; Dubb et al, 2003; Hofer and Frahm, 2006), coordinates bilateral limbs’ activities (Caeyenberghs et al, 2011; Lum et al, 2011; Gooijers and Swinnen, 2014) and contributes to intellectual processes (Piercy, 1967; Clark and Geffen, 1989; Hasegawa et al, 1998; Hasegawa, 2000; Harris et al, 2001; Kozlovskiy et al, 2012). In addition to the corpus callosum for signal transfer bilaterally, comprehensive picture for unilateral learning toward bilateral memory should include the memory cells in both sides of the cerebral cortices for information storage.…”

Cognitive Function and White Matter Changes Associated with Renal Transplantation

“…We observed both cognitive function and white matter integrity to improve after renal transplantation. More importantly, we found that the tracts with significant improvement in white matter integrity post-transplant, namely the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, forceps minor and forceps major, are the tracts associated with memory and executive function[19–21], the domains of cognition that specifically improved after transplantation. We also found that cognitive improvement seen post-transplant persisted for one year but did not improve further compared to the function at three months post-transplant.…”

“…Prior studies suggest the association of specific cognitive domains with specific white matter tracts[31]. Interestingly, the structural changes observed in the specific white matter tracts corresponded to specific improvements in memory and executive function, the domains of cognition associated with these tracts[19–21]. The forceps minor connects the lateral and medial surfaces of the frontal lobes, which regulate executive function[19].…”

“…The corpus callosum is the largest white matter tract consisting of over 200 million contralateral axonal projections that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The size of the corpus callosum correlates positively with verbal memory capacity and semantic testing[21]. Of note, two tracts of importance did not improve post-transplant (i.e.…”