The circadian clock orchestrates physiological and behavioral activities, including metabolism, neuronal activity, and cell proliferation in synchrony with the environmental cycle of day and night. Here we show that the Drosophila ortholog of the CBP/ p300 family of transcription co-activators, nejire (nej), is an intrinsic component of the circadian clock that performs regulatory functions for circadian controlled transcription. Screening of overexpression mutants revealed that gain of nej function was associated with a loss of behavioral and molecular rhythms. Overexpression of NEJ suppresses the long period phenotype of a mutation in the clock gene period (per). NEJ physically interacts through two binding sites with CLOCK and the CLOCK⅐CYCLE (CLK⅐CYC) complex. Induction of CLK⅐CYC-dependent transcripts upon induction of nej expression from a heat-shock promoter showed that NEJ is limiting. Reduced CLK⅐CYC-mediated transcription in a nej hypomorphic mutant indicates an essential function of NEJ/CBP for CLK⅐CYC activity and a regulation of circadian transcription by availability of the co-activator. Competition for recruitment of NEJ/CBP provides a potential mechanism for cross-talk between circadian transcription and other CBP-dependent physiological processes.The circadian clock controls genome wide transcription of many key regulatory components in a diverse selection of vital pathways (1-3) that ultimately allow a coordination of physiological and behavioral activities and their synchronization with the environmental cycles of day and night. The analogous and homologous clock mechanisms in Drosophila and mammals are based on two interconnected feedback loops (4, 5). In Drosophila, the heterodimeric complex of transcription factors CLOCK (CLK) 3 and CYCLE (CYC) (BMAL1 in mammals) activates expression of its own inhibitors PERIOD (PER) and TIME-LESS (TIM) forming the first feedback loop. This loop is interconnected with CLK⅐CYC-mediated expression of the transcription repressor vrille (vri) and the activator par-domain protein 1 (pdp1). VRI and PDP1 control the rhythmic transcription of Clk and contribute to the robustness of molecular oscillations (6, 7). Oscillations in cyclic nucleotide, calcium, and MAPK signaling (8 -10) likely contribute to a circadian control of physiological processes such as cell proliferation (11) and the sleep/wake cycle, which is important for memory formation (12). However, these pathways also feedback on the molecular oscillator at least in part through control of CLK⅐CYC activity (13). Cross-talk between circadian and cell signaling may increase the robustness of circadian oscillations and allow a coordination of circadian transcription with physiological requirements. Previous studies showed that recruitment of the CREB-binding protein (CBP) from a limiting cellular pool mediates cross-talk between the transcription factors E2F, JAK/STAT, AP1, and nuclear hormone receptors (14 -16) that control e.g. entry into the cell cycle and the immune response. Here we show that CLK⅐CYC-...