Functional roles of LaeA, polyketide synthase, and glucose oxidase in the regulation of ochratoxin A biosynthesis and virulence in <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i>

Maor, Uriel; Barda, Omer; Sudharsan, S.; Bi, Yang; Levin, E.J.; Zakin, Varda; Prusky, D.; Sionov, Edward

doi:10.1111/mpp.13013

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Ochratoxin A (OTA), which was first reported in 1965 in Aspergillus spp., is a potent nephrotoxin exerting carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunotoxic effects on animals and possibly humans [ 24 ]. Several studies have been conducted to determine the function of LaeA gene in OTA biosynthesis [ 25 , 26 ]. It has been reported that LaeA is a positive regulator of OTA biosynthesis, and contributes to Aspergillus carbonarius pathogenicity by regulating the expression level of Acgox.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CgVeA, a light signaling responsive regulator, is involved in regulation of chaetoglobosin A biosynthesis and conidia development in Chaetomium globosum

Wang

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CgVeA, a light signaling responsive regulator, is involved in regulation of chaetoglobosin A biosynthesis and conidia development in Chaetomium globosum

Wang

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

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“…GLA accumulation by A. carbonarius is carried out by glucose oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to GLA. Recently we have provided evidence that deletion of the glucose oxidase-encoding gene, gox , in A. carbonarius led to a reduction in virulence toward nectarine and grape fruits, further indicating that GOX is a virulence factor of A. carbonarius [ 28 ]. Interestingly, an opposite trend was observed regarding the accumulation of OTA in grapes harvested at different time points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation of the global regulator LaeA and OTA gene cluster, and consequently increased OTA accumulation, was probably caused due to the acidification process induced by malic acid. Previous findings indicate that acidification of the host environment through accumulation of organic acids enhanced fruit maceration and colonization by fungal pathogens [ 12 , 27 , 28 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. These studies point out the importance of the acidification process driven by the accumulation of another organic acid produced by P. expansum and A. carbonarius , GLA, which contributes to enhanced fungal pathogenicity in vivo and mycotoxin accumulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Factors Modulating Ochratoxin A Biosynthesis during Fruit Colonization by Aspergillus carbonarius

Maor

Barda

Sudharsan

et al. 2020

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Aspergillus carbonarius is a strong and consistent ochratoxin A (OTA) producer and considered to be the main source of this toxic metabolite in grapes and grape products such as wine, grape juice and dried vine fruit. OTA is produced under certain growth conditions and its accumulation is affected by several environmental factors, such as growth phase, substrate, temperature, water activity and pH. In this study, we examined the impact of fruit host factors on regulation and accumulation of OTA in colonized grape berries, and assessed in vitro the impact of those factors on the transcriptional levels of the key genes and global regulators contributing to fungal colonization and mycotoxin synthesis. We found that limited sugar content, low pH levels and high malic acid concentrations activated OTA biosynthesis by A. carbonarius, both in synthetic media and during fruit colonization, through modulation of global regulator of secondary metabolism, laeA and OTA gene cluster expression. These findings indicate that fruit host factors may have a significant impact on the capability of A. carbonarius to produce and accumulate OTA in grapes.

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“…In Aspergillus carbonarius , the suppression of LaeA reduced OTA production in grapes and nectarines. Furthermore, the ∆LaeA mutant was not efficient in acid formation in fruit tissues, resulting in reduced virulence of the pathogen (Maor et al., 2020). Conversely to LaeA TF, the increase in sucrose level led to a better expression of CreA TF by which the process of repression of carbon catabolites is regulated (Cepeda‐García et al., 2014).…”

Section: Recent Developments In the Knowledge Of Postharvest Fungal Infection Of Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing fruit production: Opportunities from the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of postharvest fungal infections

Ngea

Qian

Yang

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Fruit‐based diets have been adopted by the public worldwide because of their nutritional value. Many advances have also been made in the elucidation of host–pathogen interaction in the postharvest phase of fruits, in the hope of improving the management of diseases caused by pathogenic molds. In this study, we presented the molecular mechanisms by which pathogenic mold infects fruit in the postharvest phase, and focused on the knowledge gained from recent molecular techniques such as differential analysis of gene expression, targeted insertion, and mutagenesis. Current postharvest pathogenic fungal control strategies were then examined on the basis of their mechanisms for altering the infection process in order to explore new perspectives for securing fruit production. We found that biotechnological advances have led to an understanding of the new basic molecular processes involved in fruit fungal infection and to the identification of new genes, proteins and key factors that could serve as ideal targets for innovative antifungal strategies. In addition, the most commonly used steps to evaluate an approach to disrupt the fruit fungal infection process are mainly based on the inhibition of mycelial growth, spore germination, disruption of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, induction of oxidative stress, cell wall membrane damage, and inhibition of key enzymes. Finally, the alteration of the molecular mechanisms of signaling and response pathways to infection stimulation should also guide the development of effective control strategies to ensure fruit production.

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Functional roles of LaeA, polyketide synthase, and glucose oxidase in the regulation of ochratoxin A biosynthesis and virulence in Aspergillus carbonarius

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

CgVeA, a light signaling responsive regulator, is involved in regulation of chaetoglobosin A biosynthesis and conidia development in Chaetomium globosum

CgVeA, a light signaling responsive regulator, is involved in regulation of chaetoglobosin A biosynthesis and conidia development in Chaetomium globosum

Host Factors Modulating Ochratoxin A Biosynthesis during Fruit Colonization by Aspergillus carbonarius

Securing fruit production: Opportunities from the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of postharvest fungal infections

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