Functional Screening of Hydrolytic Activities Reveals an Extremely Thermostable Cellulase from a Deep-Sea Archaeon

Leis, Benedikt; Heinze, Simon; Angelov, Angel; Pham, Vu Thuy Trang; Thürmer, Andrea; Jebbar, Mohamed; Golyshin, Peter N.; Streit, Wolfgang R.; Daniel, Rolf; Liebl, Wolfgang

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2015.00095

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Cel12E has recently been reported to be of archaeal origin and also exhibits an unusual though less complex N- to C-terminal GH12-CBM2-CBM2 domain architecture. All three domains of Cel12E show significant similarity to the thermococcal homologous ( Leis et al, 2015 ). However, the CBM2-2, i.e., residues 1208–1303 of the full length MDG, shows statistically reliable hits only to bacterial proteins with the highest similarity to the CBM of the chitinase from Mycobacterium kansasii (35% identity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of the First Xylanolytic Hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeon Thermococcus sp. Strain 2319x1 and Its Unusual Multidomain Glycosidase

et al. 2016

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Enzymes from (hyper)thermophiles “Thermozymes” offer a great potential for biotechnological applications. Thermophilic adaptation does not only provide stability toward high temperature but is also often accompanied by a higher resistance to other harsh physicochemical conditions, which are also frequently employed in industrial processes, such as the presence of, e.g., denaturing agents as well as low or high pH of the medium. In order to find new thermostable, xylan degrading hydrolases with potential for biotechnological application we used an in situ enrichment strategy incubating Hungate tubes with xylan as the energy substrate in a hot vent located in the tidal zone of Kunashir Island (Kuril archipelago). Using this approach a hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon, designated Thermococcus sp. strain 2319x1, growing on xylan as sole energy and carbon source was isolated. The organism grows optimally at 85°C and pH 7.0 on a variety of natural polysaccharides including xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), amorphous cellulose (AMC), xyloglucan, and chitin. The protein fraction extracted from the cells surface with Tween 80 exhibited endoxylanase, endoglucanase and xyloglucanase activities. The genome of Thermococcus sp. strain 2319x1 was sequenced and assembled into one circular chromosome. Within the newly sequenced genome, a gene, encoding a novel type of glycosidase (143 kDa) with a unique five-domain structure, was identified. It consists of three glycoside hydrolase (GH) domains and two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) with the domain order GH5-12-12-CBM2-2 (N- to C-terminal direction). The full length protein, as well as truncated versions, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and their activity was analyzed. The full length multidomain glycosidase (MDG) was able to hydrolyze various polysaccharides, with the highest activity for barley β-glucan (β- 1,3/1,4-glucoside), followed by that for CMC (β-1,4-glucoside), cellooligosaccharides and galactomannan. The results reported here indicate that the modular MDG structure with multiple glycosidase and carbohydrate-binding domains not only extends the substrate spectrum, but also seems to allow the degradation of partially soluble and insoluble polymers in a processive manner. This report highlights the great potential in a multi-pronged approach consisting of a combined in situ enrichment, (comparative) genomics, and biochemistry strategy for the screening for novel enzymes of biotechnological relevance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of the First Xylanolytic Hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeon Thermococcus sp. Strain 2319x1 and Its Unusual Multidomain Glycosidase

et al. 2016

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“…The recombinant cellulases showed high activity at high temperatures (60–70 °C) and were thermostable, which might be due to the fact that the cellulases came from a thermophilic consortium. To date, several thermostable cellulases have previously been reported [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of new cellulases from the metagenome by a metagenomics-guided strategy

Yang

Xia

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundEnergy shortage has become a global problem. Production of biofuels from renewable biomass resources is an inevitable trend of sustainable development. Cellulose is the most abundant and renewable resource in nature. Lack of new cellulases with unique properties has become the bottleneck of the efficient utilization of cellulose. Environmental metagenomes are regarded as huge reservoirs for a variety of cellulases. However, new cellulases cannot be obtained easily by functional screening of metagenomic libraries.ResultsIn this work, a metagenomics-guided strategy for obtaining new cellulases from the metagenome was proposed. Metagenomic sequences of DNA extracted from the anaerobic beer lees converting consortium enriched at thermophilic conditions were assembled, and 23 glycoside hydrolase (GH) sequences affiliated with the GH family 5 were identified. Among the 23 GH sequences, three target sequences (designated as cel7482, cel3623 and cel36) showing low identity with those known GHs were chosen as the putative cellulase genes to be functionally expressed in Escherichia coli after PCR cloning. The three cellulases were classified into endo-β-1,4-glucanases by product pattern analysis. The recombinant cellulases were more active at pH 5.5 and within a temperature range of 60–70 °C. Computer-assisted 3D structure modeling indicated that the active residues in the active site of the recombinant cellulases were more similar to each other compared with non-active site residues. The recombinant cel7482 was extremely tolerant to 2 M NaCl, suggesting that cel7482 may be a halotolerant cellulase. Moreover, the recombinant cel7482 was shown to have an ability to resist three ionic liquids (ILs), which are widely used for cellulose pretreatment. Furthermore, active cel7482 was secreted by the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway of Bacillus subtilis 168 into the culture medium, which facilitates the subsequent purification and reduces the formation of inclusion body in the context of overexpression.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a simple and efficient method for direct cloning of new cellulase genes from environmental metagenomes. In the future, the metagenomics-guided strategy may be applied to the high-throughput screening of new cellulases from environmental metagenomes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0557-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The DNA extracted from individual isolates was pooled in equal ratios and used to prepare a polygenomic library using Epicentre Fosmid Library Construction Kit (Epicentre), according to the manufacturer instructions and as described earlier, to produce a library named MB (Leis et al, 2015). The fosmids clones in E. coli EPI300-T1 were arrayed in 384-well microtiter plates and stored at -80°C in LB with chloramphenicol (12.5 μg/mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Whole-Cell High-Throughput Functional Screening for Identification of New Nicotinamidases/Pyrazinamidases in Metagenomic/Polygenomic Libraries

et al. 2016

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Nicotinamidases catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in nicotinamide (NAM) to produce ammonia and nicotinic acid (NA). These enzymes are an essential component of the NAD+ salvage pathway and are implicated in the viability of several pathogenic organisms. Its absence in humans makes them a promising drug target. In addition, although they are key analytical biocatalysts for screening modulators in relevant biomedical enzymes, such as sirtuins and poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases, no commercial sources are available. Surprisingly, the finding of an affordable source of nicotinamidase from metagenomic libraries is hindered by the absence of a suitable and fast screening method. In this manuscript, we describe the development of two new whole-cell methods using the chemical property of one of the products formed in the enzymatic reaction (pyrazinoic or NA) to form colored complexes with stable iron salts, such as ammonium ferrous sulfate or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). After optimization of the assay conditions, a fosmid polygenomic expression library obtained from deep-sea mesophilic bacteria was screened, discovering several positive clones with the ammonium ferrous sulfate method. Their quantitative rescreening with the SNP method allowed the finding of the first nicotinamidase with balanced catalytic efficiency toward NAM (nicotinamidase activity) and pyrazinamide (pyrazinamidase activity). Its biochemical characterization has also made possible the development of the first high-throughput whole-cell method for prescreening of new nicotinamidase inhibitors by the naked eye, saving time and costs in the design of future antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents.

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Functional Screening of Hydrolytic Activities Reveals an Extremely Thermostable Cellulase from a Deep-Sea Archaeon

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Isolation and Characterization of the First Xylanolytic Hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeon Thermococcus sp. Strain 2319x1 and Its Unusual Multidomain Glycosidase

Isolation and Characterization of the First Xylanolytic Hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeon Thermococcus sp. Strain 2319x1 and Its Unusual Multidomain Glycosidase

Discovery of new cellulases from the metagenome by a metagenomics-guided strategy

Combined Whole-Cell High-Throughput Functional Screening for Identification of New Nicotinamidases/Pyrazinamidases in Metagenomic/Polygenomic Libraries

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