Functional significance of anthocyanins in peduncles of Sambucus nigra

Cooney, Luke J.; Schaefer, H. Martin; Logan, Barry A.; Cox, Bart; Gould, Kevin S.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.03.001

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the case of plants growing under L-R/FR, an increase in the intensity of reflectance derived from anthocyanins was observed during the aging process (mosaic leaf stage -stage III). With a drop in chlorophyll content (e.g., during leaf senescence), plants use anthocyanins to protect the photosynthetic apparatus, more susceptible to environmental stress than in younger leaves with a higher chlorophyll content (Hoch et al, 2001;Feild et al, 2001;Cooney et al, 2015). In fact, the amount of anthocyanins is correlated with the degree of chlorophyll degradation (Anderson and Ryser, 2015).…”

Section: Leaf Reflectance Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

A Low Ratio of Red/Far-Red in the Light Spectrum Accelerates Senescence in Nest Leaves of Platycerium Bifurcatum

Oliwa¹,

Kornaś²,

Skoczowski³

2017

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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The fern Platycerium bifurcatum is a valuable component of the flora of tropical forests, where degradation of local ecosystems and changes in lighting conditions occur due to the increasing anthropogenic pressure. In ferns, phytochrome mechanism responsible for the response to changes in the value of R/FR differs from the mechanism observed in spermatophytes. This study analyzed the course of ontogenesis of nest leaves in P. bifurcatum at two values of the R/FR ratio, corresponding to shadow conditions (low R/FR) and intense insolation (high R/FR). The work used only non-destructive research analysis, such as measurements of reflectance of radiation from the leaves, their blue-green and red fluorescence, and the chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. This allowed tracing the development and aging processes in the same leaves. Nest leaves are characterized by short, intense growth and rapid senescence. The study identified four stages of development of the studied leaves related to morphological and anatomical structure and changing photochemical efficiency of PSII. Under the high R/FR ratio, the rate of ontogenesis of the leaf lamina was much slower than under the low R/FR value. As shown, the rapid aging of the leaves was correlated with faster decline of the chlorophyll content. It was shown that leaf senescence was accompanied by accumulation of polyphenols, anthocyanins and carotenoids on the basis of reflectance and fluorescence measurements in the blue-green range.Keywords: chlorophyll a fluorescence; fern; nest leaves; photomorphogenesis; R/FR ratio; reflectance Abbreviations:Area -surface area above the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve; ARI -anthocyanin reflectance index; BRI -browning reflectance index; CRI 1 -carotenoid reflectance index; DI 0 /RC -total energy dissipation not trapped by the PSII reaction center; ET 0 /RC -rate of electron transfer by the active PSII reaction center; F v /F 0 -maximum efficiency of the water-splitting reaction of the donor side of PSII; F v /F m -maximum quantum yield of PS II; H -R/FR higher value of the red/far red ratio; L-R/FR -lower value of the red/far red ratio; PAR -photosynthetically active radiation; PI -PSII vitality index; PSII -photosystem II; Q A -plastochinon Q A ; RC -reaction center; RC/ABS -reaction center density ratio in terms of chlorophyll; R/FR -photon intensity between 660-670 nm/photon intensity between 725-735 nm; TR 0 /RC -energy trapping of one active reaction center; WBI -water band index. * Corresponding authors,

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Section: Leaf Reflectance Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

A Low Ratio of Red/Far-Red in the Light Spectrum Accelerates Senescence in Nest Leaves of Platycerium Bifurcatum

Oliwa¹,

Kornaś²,

Skoczowski³

2017

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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“…Variation in floral anthocyanin content or pattering may be under selection by pollinators (Ortiz-Barrientos, 2013;Sletvold, Trunschke, Smit, Verbeek, & Ågren, 2016) or nonpollinators alike (Narbona, Wang, Ortiz, Arista, & Imbert, 2017;Strauss & Cacho, 2013;Strauss & Whittall, 2006). Similarly, the accumulation of anthocyanins in vegetative organs or tissues such as leaves, stems, or pedicels is also influenced by direct or indirect selection of biotic and abiotic factors (Cooney, Schaefer, Logan, Cox, & Gould, 2015;Gould et al, 2010;Menzies et al, 2016). In order to estimate the fitness consequences of such anthocyanin variation (e.g., Del Valle et al, 2015;Sletvold et al, 2016), one must employ an efficient, noninvasive method such as digital photography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital photography provides a fast, reliable, and noninvasive method to estimate anthocyanin pigment concentration in reproductive and vegetative plant tissues

Valle

Gallardo-López

Buide

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Anthocyanin pigments have become a model trait for evolutionary ecology as they often provide adaptive benefits for plants. Anthocyanins have been traditionally quantified biochemically or more recently using spectral reflectance. However, both methods require destructive sampling and can be labor intensive and challenging with small samples. Recent advances in digital photography and image processing make it the method of choice for measuring color in the wild. Here, we use digital images as a quick, noninvasive method to estimate relative anthocyanin concentrations in species exhibiting color variation. Using a consumer‐level digital camera and a free image processing toolbox, we extracted RGB values from digital images to generate color indices. We tested petals, stems, pedicels, and calyces of six species, which contain different types of anthocyanin pigments and exhibit different pigmentation patterns. Color indices were assessed by their correlation to biochemically determined anthocyanin concentrations. For comparison, we also calculated color indices from spectral reflectance and tested the correlation with anthocyanin concentration. Indices perform differently depending on the nature of the color variation. For both digital images and spectral reflectance, the most accurate estimates of anthocyanin concentration emerge from anthocyanin content‐chroma ratio, anthocyanin content‐chroma basic, and strength of green indices. Color indices derived from both digital images and spectral reflectance strongly correlate with biochemically determined anthocyanin concentration; however, the estimates from digital images performed better than spectral reflectance in terms of r 2 and normalized root‐mean‐square error. This was particularly noticeable in a species with striped petals, but in the case of striped calyces, both methods showed a comparable relationship with anthocyanin concentration. Using digital images brings new opportunities to accurately quantify the anthocyanin concentrations in both floral and vegetative tissues. This method is efficient, completely noninvasive, applicable to both uniform and patterned color, and works with samples of any size.

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“…Several workers have called for studies that simultaneously address both signalling and physiological hypotheses (Schaefer & Wilkinson ; Schaefer & Rolshausen ; Schaefer & Gould ; Cooney et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indeed, it is entirely possible that foliar anthocyanins serve two or more functions simultaneously. Several workers have called for studies that simultaneously address both signalling and physiological hypotheses (Schaefer & Wilkinson 2004;Schaefer & Rolshausen 2006a;Schaefer & Gould 2007;Cooney et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf colour polymorphisms: a balance between plant defence and photosynthesis

et al. 2015

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Summary 1.Whether plants use leaf colour to deter herbivores remains controversial. The warning signal hypothesis predicts that red pigmentation is adaptive by reducing herbivory; plants with predominantly red foliage should have higher fitness than those with green leaves. Despite many discussions, this prediction has rarely been tested, and alternative, non-exclusive hypotheses cannot be ruled out. 2.We have exploited leaf colour polymorphism in Pseudowintera colorata to test the warning signal hypothesis and to address possible alternative explanations.3. Consistent with warning signals, redder foliage contained higher concentrations of polygodial, a sesquiterpene dialdehyde with strong antifeedant properties, and incurred less herbivory than green leaves. Redder plants hosted 22% fewer lepidopteran leafroller larvae than neighbouring green plants. 4.However, contrary to the predictions of the hypothesis, there were no differences in fitness parameters between red and green plants. Overall leaf canopy colour was not a significant predictor of the number of seeds per fruit or of mean seed weight. This may be explained by differences in photosynthesis: green P. colorata leaves had 47% higher maximum CO 2 assimilation rates than matched red leaves from neighbouring plants. 5.These results indicate that the benefits of deterring insect herbivores by signalling may be balanced by the higher photosynthetic rate of non-signalling plants. A balance between signalling and photosynthesis is a novel mechanism for the maintenance of leaf colour polymorphisms in nature.6. Synthesis. Anthocyanin pigments may simultaneously serve multiple functions within leaves, and individuals of the same plant species may use different strategies to cope with insect herbivores. Therefore, investigations into the role of these pigments in plant-insect interactions need to consider plant physiology and the diversity of plant defence mechanisms.

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Functional significance of anthocyanins in peduncles of Sambucus nigra

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

A Low Ratio of Red/Far-Red in the Light Spectrum Accelerates Senescence in Nest Leaves of Platycerium Bifurcatum

A Low Ratio of Red/Far-Red in the Light Spectrum Accelerates Senescence in Nest Leaves of Platycerium Bifurcatum

Digital photography provides a fast, reliable, and noninvasive method to estimate anthocyanin pigment concentration in reproductive and vegetative plant tissues

Leaf colour polymorphisms: a balance between plant defence and photosynthesis

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