Functional similarities between retroviruses and the IS<i>3</i> family of bacterial insertion sequences?

Fayet, Olivier; Ramond, Pierre; Polard, Patrice; Prère, Marie Françoise; Chandler, Michaël

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00555.x

Cited by 196 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, this domain does not afford the resolution required to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the LTR element domain to that of the transposon lineage, other than to conclude it is derived from a lineage that contained a D, D 35 E catalytic site (Fayet et al 1990;Doak et al 1994). Indeed this core domain has evolved so quickly, and many subdomains have been added in different lineages, that it is difficult to trace even the phylogeny of the LTR elements themselves using IN sequences Capy et al 1996).…”

Section: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Ribonuclease H Domains Suggests a Late, Chimeric Origin of LTR Retrotransposable Elements and Retroviruses

Malik¹,

Eickbush²

2001

Genome Res.

218

200

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We have conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the Ribonuclease HI (RNH) domains present in Eubacteria, Eukarya, all long-term repeat (LTR)-bearing retrotransposons, and several late-branching clades of non-LTR retrotransposons. Analysis of this simple yet highly conserved enzymatic domain from these disparate sources provides surprising insights into the evolution of eukaryotic retrotransposons. First, it indicates that the lineage of elements leading to vertebrate retroviruses acquired a new RNH domain either from non-LTR retrotransposons or from a eukaryotic host genome. The preexisting retroviral RNH domain degenerated to become the tether (connection) domain of the reverse transcriptase (RT)-RNH complex. Second, it indicates that all LTR retrotransposons arose in eukaryotes well after the origin of the non-LTR retrotransposons. Because of the younger age of the LTR retrotransposons, their complex structure, and the absence of any prokaryotic precursors, we propose that the LTR retrotransposons originated as a fusion between a DNA-mediated transposon and a non-LTR retrotransposon. The resulting two-step mechanism of LTR retrotransposition, in which RNA is reverse transcribed away from the chromosomal target site, rather than directly onto the target site, was probably an adaptation to the uncoupling of transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells.

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Section: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Ribonuclease H Domains Suggests a Late, Chimeric Origin of LTR Retrotransposable Elements and Retroviruses

Malik¹,

Eickbush²

2001

Genome Res.

218

200

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“…IS3 (1258 bp in length) has imperfect inverted repeats (IRL and IRR) of 39 bp at its terminal regions, and encodes two open reading frames, orfA and orfB, which are in phase 0 and -1, respectively, and overlap each other (Timmerman & Tu 1985;Fayet et al 1990;Sekine & Ohtsubo 1991). Transcription occurs from a promoter, which is thought to be present in the leftterminal region preceding orfA.…”

Section: Is3 An Insertion Element In Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of transpositional recombination by OrfA and OrfB proteins encoded by insertion sequence IS3

et al. 1997

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Background: An insertion element IS3 is flanked by terminal inverted repeat (IR) sequences. IS3 encodes two, out-of-phase, overlapping open reading frames, orfA and orfB, from which three proteins are produced. OrfAB is a transframe protein produced by ¹1 translational frameshifting between orfA and orfB, and it is known to be IS3 transposase. OrfA and OrfB are the proteins produced without frameshifting, but their functions have not been elucidated.

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“…In most LTR retrotransposons, and many different DNA transposons, the integration/transposition reaction is catalysed by an enzyme bearing a characteristic triad of aspartate and glutamate residues, known as the DDE domain (Fayet et al, 1990;Khan et al, 1991;Kulkosky et al, 1992). Recently, however, we reported that members of the DIRS1 group of LTR retrotransposons lack genes for DDE-type integrases, but instead encode tyrosine (or lambda) recombinases (Goodwin & Poulter, 2001a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptons: a group of tyrosine-recombinase-encoding DNA transposons from pathogenic fungi

2003

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A new group of transposable elements, which the authors have named cryptons, was detected in several pathogenic fungi, including the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, and the ascomycetes Coccidioides posadasii and Histoplasma capsulatum. These elements are unlike any previously described transposons. An archetypal member of the group, crypton Cn1, is 4 kb in length and is present at a low but variable copy number in a variety of C. neoformans strains. It displays interstrain variations in its insertion sites, suggesting recent mobility. The internal region contains a long gene, interrupted by several introns. The product of this gene contains a putative tyrosine recombinase near its middle, and a region similar in sequence to the DNA-binding domains of several fungal transcription factors near its C-terminus. The element contains no long repeat sequences, but is bordered by short direct repeats which may have been produced by its insertion into the host genome by recombination. Many of the structural features of crypton Cn1 are conserved in the other known cryptons, suggesting that these elements represent the functional forms. The presence of cryptons in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes suggests that this is an ancient group of elements (>400 million years old). Sequence comparisons suggest that cryptons may be related to the DIRS1 and Ngaro1 groups of tyrosine-recombinaseencoding retrotransposons.

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Functional similarities between retroviruses and the IS3 family of bacterial insertion sequences?

Cited by 196 publications

References 41 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis of Ribonuclease H Domains Suggests a Late, Chimeric Origin of LTR Retrotransposable Elements and Retroviruses

Phylogenetic Analysis of Ribonuclease H Domains Suggests a Late, Chimeric Origin of LTR Retrotransposable Elements and Retroviruses

Inhibition of transpositional recombination by OrfA and OrfB proteins encoded by insertion sequence IS3

Cryptons: a group of tyrosine-recombinase-encoding DNA transposons from pathogenic fungi

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