Functional Ultrastructure of the Vascular Endothelium: Changes in Various Pathologies

Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Cell Dysfunctions: A Comprehensive Appraisal

“…Concurrently, the EC shifts to a secretory phenotype, characterized by an increased number of biosynthetic organelles that correlates with the appearance of a multilayer, hyperplastic basal lamina in meshes of which MLp in accumulate large numbers. These insults lead to a dysfunctional endothelium and inflammatory process in which the EC-derived foam cells express more of new CAM and synthesize EC-factors that attract and induce migration of plasma inflammatory cells, such as monocytes and T lymphocytes to the subendothelium (Simionescu & Antohe, 2006); however, ECs maintain some of their specific attributes, such as Weibel-Palade bodies, intercellular junctions and caveolae (Sima et al, 2009). Infiltration of atherogenic Lps, monocytes and T lymphocytes within the subendothelium start the atherogenetic process both in animal models and in humans (Lawson & Wolf, 2009;Simionescu & Antohe, 2006;Williams & Tabas, 2005).…”

“…These insults lead to a dysfunctional endothelium and inflammatory process in which the EC-derived foam cells express more of new CAM and synthesize EC-factors that attract and induce migration of plasma inflammatory cells, such as monocytes and T lymphocytes to the subendothelium (Simionescu & Antohe, 2006); however, ECs maintain some of their specific attributes, such as Weibel-Palade bodies, intercellular junctions and caveolae (Sima et al, 2009). Infiltration of atherogenic Lps, monocytes and T lymphocytes within the subendothelium start the atherogenetic process both in animal models and in humans (Lawson & Wolf, 2009;Simionescu & Antohe, 2006;Williams & Tabas, 2005). In late stages of atherosclerosis, all cellular components of the plaque, ECs, VSMCs and macrophages, accumulate considerable number of lipid droplets and exhibit the foam cell characteristics (Sima et al, 2009).…”

“…In late stages of atherosclerosis, all cellular components of the plaque, ECs, VSMCs and macrophages, accumulate considerable number of lipid droplets and exhibit the foam cell characteristics (Sima et al, 2009). In the subendothelium, the monocytes become macrophage-derived foam cells, which release cytokines and factors that, within the oxidative stress process, change the cross-talk between ECs and the neighbouring VSMCs and induce migration of VSMCs from media to the developing neointima (Lawson & Wolf, 2009;Simionescu & Antohe, 2006).…”

El Consumo De Frutas Y Hortalizas Ayuda a Prevenir El Daño Endotelial

“…Las CE reaccionan progresivamente a factores agresivos, en primer lugar por modulación de funciones constitutivas (permeabilidad y síntesis), seguido por la disfunción endotelial (pérdida o deterioro de funciones o aparición de nuevas), hasta la muerte celular por una agresión constante (48). El daño mecánico o pérdida de la integridad funcional, altera la homeostasis del microambiente, lo que lleva al desarrollo de estados patológicos, como aterogénesis, eventos trombóticos y alteraciones en la perfusión de tejidos y órganos (49).…”

Oxidized LDL and NO Synthesis as Biomarkers of Atherogenesis - Correlations with Metabolic Profile in Elderly

“…The vascular endothelium, with its broad spectrum of paracrine and autocrine functions, can be regarded as a multifunctional organ and "chief governor" of body homeostasis. Occupying a strategic location between the blood and tissues, the endothelial cells exist in a "high-risk position" and react progressively to aggressive factors, at first by modulation of the constitutive functions -permeability and biosynthesis (Simionescu & Antohe, 2006;Sima et al, 2009). Atherogenesis is an intricate process involving hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and vascular inflammation.…”