“…In order to improve translational research (Figure 2), several actions should be taken into account during theragnostic studies: (a) selecting an appropriate cellular model that reflects the disease or condition being studied is crucial [164]; (b) preconditioning cells by adjusting cell culture conditions, and manipulating cellular metabolism through changes in pH, O2 levels, and nutrient availability is essential to simulate the original cellular environment as closely as possible [165][166][167][168]; (c) introducing cell genetic modifications to enhance their suitability for theragnostic applications [169,170]; (d) validating the cellular model is crucial to ensure its appropriateness for a specific purpose or context of use [171]. This validation process may include analyses based on morphology (shape, size, and organization of the cells, using machine learning techniques could be helpful [172]), function (e.g., response of cells to specific stimuli [165,167,168,171,173]), and genotype (expression of specific genes or the existence of genetic mutations [165,174]). Metabolic priming strategies applied to a wide range of pathologies can be achieved through hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, or metabolite supplementation, which will be discussed further in the following subsections.…”