Functional wrist motion: A biomechanical study

Palmer, Andrew K.; Werner, Frederick W.; Murphy, Dennis J.; Glisson, Richard R.

doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(85)80246-x

Cited by 559 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the gorilla at least, this suggests load transmission and function influence degeneration. Human prehension requires an opposable strong thumb, the small finger's hypothenar complex [58], and wrist positioning in the ''dart-thrower's motion'' [27,84] with thumb and forearm in line, extending the lever arm and imparting mechanical advantage to throw a fastball or swing a golf club [69,105].…”

Section: Functional Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When either the elbow [82,96] or wrist [40] is constrained, other joints compensate; by inference, joint contribution is determined for functional tasks. Electrogoniometric studies with a gimbal coordinate system provide estimates on elbow [76] and wrist [19,84,94] ROM for functional activities. The functional CMC joint range is harder to assess even with constraining experiments [43,55,74], given the discrete but exacting motion of this joint and the functional restriction splints might impart [87].…”

Section: Thumb Motion Relative To the Upper Limbmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The 2014 ABJS Nicolas Andry Award: The Puzzle of the Thumb: Mobility, Stability, and Demands in Opposition

Ladd

Crisco

Hagert

et al. 2014

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Section: Functional Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thumb Motion Relative To the Upper Limbmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2014 ABJS Nicolas Andry Award: The Puzzle of the Thumb: Mobility, Stability, and Demands in Opposition

Ladd

Crisco

Hagert

et al. 2014

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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“…The earliest notation of the functional use of conjoined wrist motions is attributed to Fisk,22 who noted the association of wrist extension with radial deviation and wrist flexion with ulnar deviation "when someone is casting a fly, throwing a dart, or conducting an orchestra." Palmer et al 23 showed that many occupational activities, exemplified by hammer use, involved an arc of motion from radial deviation and wrist extension to ulnar deviation and wrist flexion. These investigators popularized the term dart thrower's arc to describe this conjoined wrist motion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dart-Throwing Motion of the Wrist: Is It Unique to Humans?

Wolfe

Crisco

Orr

et al. 2006

The Journal of Hand Surgery

149

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Kinematic analysis has shown a near-stationary proximal carpal row during the dart-thrower's motion, which is believed to provide a stable platform for the generation of force and accuracy during certain power and precision grip activities. This finding is consistent with evidence in the human hand of adaptations that enabled effective manipulation of stones, cylindric wood, and bone tools for throwing and clubbing. There are at least two possible explanations for the observed human proximal carpal row kinematics. One is that it is retained from a previous common ancestor with great apes and previously adapted to some form of foraging or locomotor behavior involving the hands, but was recruited for tool use after we diverged from the apes. The second is that it evolved after our divergence from apes, in synchrony with adaptations in the human hand to the manipulation of tools, and central to the development of the human's unique ability to aim and accelerate tools and weapons. KeywordsDart-thrower's motion; wrist kinematics; human evolution; carpus; markerless bone registration This report details our understanding of the dart-thrower's motion in the context of carpal kinematic research and the implications that these kinematic findings have to human evolutionary development. We believe that a fundamental reshaping of our understanding of the planes of wrist motion and the functional arc of the human wrist may lead to advances in nonsurgical and surgical care of wrist injuries, implant design, and rehabilitation. Wrist Kinematics and the Dart-Thrower's ArcThe study of carpal kinematics is highly complex because of the irregular size and shape of the multiple small articulating surfaces and the complex forces that cross the wrist. Conclusions in the literature often are contradictory, and there is disagreement among leading investigators as to the direction of rotation and the contribution of individual carpal bones to global wrist motion. It generally is agreed that the proximal row moves in synchrony throughout radioulnar deviation and flexion-extension, but the degree of out-ofplane rotation and intercarpal motion within the proximal row is the source of considerable research efforts. 1-5 Both planar radiographic analyses and detailed 3-dimensional analyses

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“…Discussion Although scholars worldwide had studied Kienbock's disease for many years, the natural history and etiology remained unclear. Some studies found that ulnar negative variance was significantly correlated with Kienbock's disease 2,12,13) . However, other reports stated that ulnar variance had no correlation with Kienbock's disease 14,15) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Comparison of Two Surgical Methods in Treating Stage IIIb Lunate Necrosis

Li¹,

Su²,

Xu³

et al. 2016

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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This study aims to determine the biomechanical changes and basis for treatment using two surgical methods (scaphotrapeziotrapezoid [STT] fusion and capitoscaphoid [CS] fusion) for stage IIIb lunate necrosis. Eighteen fresh frozen upper extremities of adult cadavers were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, only the radioscaphoid and radiolunate spaces were exposed to place pressure sensors. Groups B and C underwent STT and CS fusion, respectively. The advanced I-scan pressure measurement system was used. Piezoelectric films were placed at the radioscaphoid and radiolunate spaces of wrist joints, and connected to the computerized I-scan system, which was then connected to a biaxial hydraulic material testing system (MTS). Pressure (up to 100 N) was applied to the wrist in inferior neutral position at a 10 N/s compression rate. The pressure distribution, pressure loading, and other data on the radioscaphoid and radiolunate articular surfaces for each sample were dynamically recorded and analyzed. After application of pressure with the wrist in neutral position, the radioscaphoid and radiolunate pressure values of the normal wrist group A were 41.39 ± 6.93 N/cm 2 and 39.22 ± 6.61 N/cm 2 , respectively; those of the STT arthrodesis group B were 83.89 ± 11.27 N/cm 2 and 22.55 ± 11.27 N/cm 2 ; and those of the SC arthrodesis group C were 86.45 ± 8.10 N/cm 2 and 34.11 ± 8.10 N/cm 2 . Compared with CS fusion, STT fusion surgery has much greater value in preventing rotatory semidislocation of the scaphoid bone, as well as in maintaining the stability of the wrist. It is the preferred surgical treatment for stage IIIb lunate necrosis.

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Functional wrist motion: A biomechanical study

Cited by 559 publications

References 6 publications

The 2014 ABJS Nicolas Andry Award: The Puzzle of the Thumb: Mobility, Stability, and Demands in Opposition

The 2014 ABJS Nicolas Andry Award: The Puzzle of the Thumb: Mobility, Stability, and Demands in Opposition

The Dart-Throwing Motion of the Wrist: Is It Unique to Humans?

Biomechanical Comparison of Two Surgical Methods in Treating Stage IIIb Lunate Necrosis

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