Functionality of a class I beta-1,3-glucanase from skin of table grapes berries

Molecular analysis of the improvement in rachis quality by high CO2 levels in table grapes stored at low temperature

“…Thus, in rachis, the 5 increase was evident throughout the storage period, while in pulp it was transitory, increasing only after 15 days. These results, together with the fact that high CO 2 levels reduced or maintained the MDA content in all the tissues analyzed, would seem to indicate that the gaseous treatment reduced cell injury caused by oxidative stress at 0 ºC and supported our previous results, where differences in the perception of low temperature were observed 10 between treated and non-treated table grapes (Sanchez-Ballesta et al, 2006;Romero et al, 2008;Fernandez-Caballero et al, 2012). Karnosky (2003) proposed that elevated levels of atmospheric CO 2 might reduce the basal rate of O 2 activation and ROS formation in plant cells by enhancing the CO 2 /O 2 ratio in the photosynthetic apparatus, and as a consequence, possibly cause a decline in lipid peroxidation levels (Vurro et al, 2009).…”

“…It is important to note that although high CO 2 levels maintained or restrained MDA content in pulp and skin, no significant differences were observed in the accumulation of VcAPX transcript levels in pulp or of GCAT mRNA levels in both tissues. In the case of skin, we had previously suggested that APX participate in removing the putative high levels of H 2 O 2 in the skin of non-treated grapes (Romero et al, 2008). The overall results 5 might indicate that the beneficial effect of the pretreatment with high CO 2 levels for controlling oxidative stress by the induction of the enzymatic antioxidant system depends on the type of tissue and could be more closely related with the reduction of rachis browning rather than with a general response in table grapes.…”

“…However, these authors did not show any information about rachis deterioration. In previous work, we have analysed the APX gene expression in the skin of Cardinal grapes and the results pointed out the ability of high CO 2 levels to prevent the generation of ROS in this tissue rather than 20 their inactivation once formed (Romero et al, 2008). Nonetheless, little is known about the role of antioxidant enzymes in rachis deterioration during cold storage as well as in the beneficial effect of high CO 2 levels.…”

Potent cryoprotective activity of cold and CO2-regulated cherimoya (Annona cherimola) endochitinase

“…It was recently shown that several cold-induced members of the different PR families act as cryoprotectants (Newton and Duman, 2000;Romero et al, 2008), although this function is not a general feature of PR proteins. To date, the most cryoactive members of the PR protein family are AHCSP33, a PR-5 protein from leaf groundnut (Dave and Mitra, 1998), and a class I recombinant chitinase PR-3 from the skin of table grapes (Fernandez-Caballero et al, 2009), which were 1.2-and 2.2-fold more active that BSA on a molar basis.…”

“…In vitro antifreeze activity was measured by determining the thermal hysteresis activity (THA) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as described by Romero et al (2008). An antifreeze protein (type III) from Antarctic fish (kindly provided by Dr. DeVries, IL, USA) and BSA (AFP-free solution) were used as standards in order to compare solutions with and without antifreeze activity.…”