Functionalization of Aminoalkylsilane-Grafted Bacterial Nanocellulose with ZnO-NPs-Doped Pullulan Electrospun Nanofibers for Multifunctional Wound Dressing

Abstract

High moisture permeability, excellent mechanical properties in a wet state, high water-holding capability, and high exudate absorption make bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) a favorable candidate for biomedical device production, especially wound dressings. The lack of antibacterial activity and healing-promoting ability are the main drawbacks that limit its wide application. Pullulan (Pul) is a nontoxic polymer that can promote wound healing. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are well-known as a safe antibacterial agent. In this study, aminoalkylsilane was chemically grafted on a BNC membrane (A-g-BNC) and used as a bridge to combine BNC with Pul-ZnO-NPs hybrid electrospun nanofibers. FTIR results confirmed the successful production of A-g-BNC/Pul-ZnO. The obtained dressing demonstrated blood clotting performance better than that of BNC. The dressing showed an ability to release ZnO, and its antibacterial activity was up to 5 log values higher than that of BNC. The cytotoxicity of the dressing toward L929 fibroblast cells clearly showed safety due to the proliferation of fibroblast cells. The animal test in a rat model indicated faster healing and re-epithelialization, small blood vessel formation, and collagen synthesis in the wounds covered by A-g-BNC/Pul-ZnO. The new functional dressing, fabricated with a cost-effective and easy method, not only showed excellent antibacterial activity but could also accelerate wound healing.

Engineered Pullulan-Collagen-Gold Nano Composite Improves Mesenchymal Stem Cells Neural Differentiation and Inflammatory Regulation

“…Aminoalkysilane was grafted on a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membrane to form A- g -BNC, then combined with fabricated pullulan–zinc oxide (Pul–ZnO) to generate A- g -BNC/Pul–ZnO nanoparticles. A- g -BNC/Pul–ZnO exhibited a better biocompatibility for L929 fibroblast cells, and the animal assessments elucidated the enhancement of re-epithelialization, the formation of blood vessels, which is associated with wound repair [ 69 ]. Another study verified that a curcumin grafted hyaluronic acid modified pullulan polymer (Cur–HA–SPul) could facilitate L929 cells proliferation and anti-microbial capacity.…”

Enhancing mechanical and antibacterial properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposite nanofibers using decorated clay with ZnO nanorods

“…Electrospun membranes are extensively used for wound dressing applications due to their high porosity on the submicrometer length scale and the high surface-area-tovolume ratio. [1][2][3][4] Various synthetic and natural polymer/ polymers blends have been electrospun into nanofibers to use as wound dressing materials. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Among them, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a semicrystalline linear polymer with repeating O-(CH 2 -) 5 -CO-units, has drawn a lot of attention in this field due to its salient properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, sterilization capability, good processibility and relatively low cost.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Various synthetic and natural polymer/ polymers blends have been electrospun into nanofibers to use as wound dressing materials. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Among them, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a semicrystalline linear polymer with repeating O-(CH 2 -) 5 -CO-units, has drawn a lot of attention in this field due to its salient properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, sterilization capability, good processibility and relatively low cost. [5][6][7][8] Electrospinning, as a simple, versatile and cost-effective method, has opened up a promising opportunity to fabricate PCL nanofibrous structure over the past few years.…”

“…Electrospun membranes are extensively used for wound dressing applications due to their high porosity on the sub‐micrometer length scale and the high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio 1–4 . Various synthetic and natural polymer/polymers blends have been electrospun into nanofibers to use as wound dressing materials 1–6 .…”

Review on the strategies for enhancing mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose

“…The nanometer-sized compact structure of cellulose I α chain results in a tighter arrangement of bers and improved mechanical properties (Gullo et al, 2018;Yamamoto, 1996). Moreover, BC possesses a higher purity due to the absence of lignin and hemicellulose, which impair ber binding (Mona et al, 2017;Shahriari Khalaji et al, 2021). When it comes to the production and application of BC, it is an environmentally friendly green material with inexpensive production costs, easy degradation, plentiful reactive groups, simple transformation, and renewable and sustainable resource (Klemm et al, 2005;Zhan, 2017).…”