Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Surface by Aryl Groups: A Review

Abstract

The review is devoted to the methods of introducing aryl functional groups to the CNT surface. Arylated nanotubes are characterized by extended solubility, and are widely used in photoelectronics, semiconductor technology, and bioelectrocatalysis. The main emphasis is on arylation methods according to the radical mechanism, such as the Gomberg–Bachmann and Billups reactions, and the decomposition of peroxides. At the same time, less common approaches are also considered. For each of the described reactions, a mechanism is presented in the context of the effect on the properties of functionalized nanotubes and their application. As a result, this will allow us to choose the optimal modification method for specific practical tasks.

Functionalization of MWCNTs for Bioelectrocatalysis by Bacterial Two-Domain Laccase from Catenuloplanes japonicus

“…After the modification, two fractions were observed with mean size values of 65 and 317 nm. Disintegration of large MWCNT aggregates (1200 nm) occurs due to a large quantity of the functional groups on the side surface of the nanotubes which impede the adhesion of the nanotubes to each other [51]. The disappearance of the 20 nm fraction is related to the increase in particle size via naphthalene polymerization [52].…”

“…nm) occurs due to a large quantity of the functional groups on the side surface of the nanotubes which impede the adhesion of the nanotubes to each other [51]. The disappearance of the 20 nm fraction is related to the increase in particle size via naphthalene polymerization [52].…”

Covalent functionalization of 1D and 2D sp2-carbon nanoallotropes – twelve years of progress (2011–2023)

“…5 Nevertheless, surface functionalization is frequently crucial or even inevitable to mitigate the limitations of realizing the full potential of carbon nanoallotropes. 6 Hence, in the last dozen years, two functionalization routes, representing concomitantly developed covalent and non-covalent functionalization, were extensively studied. 7 As compared with the non-covalent functionalization routes such as adsorption or encapsulation (endohedral functionalization), covalent functionalization is considered robust and long-lasting, while facilitating the introduction of a wide range of functional groups.…”

A Prato Tour on Carbon Nanotubes: Raman Insights

“…[23,24] The Tour approach has also proved very useful for multiple applications. [25] In addition, the combination of both reactions can be used to introduce orthogonal functional groups, [26] even in other carbon nanostructures. [27] As covalent approaches, both reactions alter the sp 2 configuration of the carbon atoms to sp 3 .…”