Functionalization of polyethetherketone for application in dentistry and orthopedics

Harting, Rico; Barth, Marius; Bührke, Thomas; Pfefferle, Regina; Petersen, Svea

doi:10.1515/bnm-2017-0003

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…When an implant is significantly stiffer than the host bone, the latter bears a lesser load than the implant. The lack of load stimulation over time causes the bone to weaken and become less dense, a process known as stress shielding [5,6]. Further exacerbating the problem, the softer host tissue also develops a fibrous encapsulation at the interface between the bone and the harder implant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEEK surface modification by fast ambient-temperature sulfonation for bone implant applications

Wang

Luo

Huang

et al. 2019

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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We develop a simple, fast and economical surface treatment under ambient temperature to improve the hydrophilicity and osteoconductivity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for bone implant applications. A major challenge in bone implants is the drastic difference in stiffness between traditional implant materials (such as titanium and stainless steel) and human bone. PEEK is biocompatible with an elastic modulus closely matching that of human bone, making it a highly attractive alternative. However, its bio-inert and poorly hydrophilic surface presents a serious challenge for osseointegration. Sulfonation can improve hydrophilicity and introduce bioactive sulfonate groups, but PEEK sulfonation has traditionally been applied for fuel cells, employing elevated temperatures and long reaction times to re-cast PEEK into sulfonated films. Little research has systematically studied PEEK surface modification by short reaction time (seconds) and ambient-temperature sulfonation for biomedical applications. Here, we investigate three ambient-temperature sulfonation treatments under varying reaction times (5–90 s) and evaluate the hydrophilicity and morphology of 15 modified PEEK surfaces. We establish an optimal treatment using 30 s H 2 SO 4 followed by 20 s rinsing, and then 20 s immersion in NaOH followed by 20 s rinsing. This 30 s ambient-temperature sulfonation is found to be more effective than conventional plasma treatments and reduced PEEK water contact angle from 78° to 37°.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEEK surface modification by fast ambient-temperature sulfonation for bone implant applications

Wang

Luo

Huang

et al. 2019

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…This is further subdivided into electron acceptors or donors according to the acid/base definition of Lewis under use of the geometric mean, see (5). Thereby it is assumed that hydrogen bonds are also included into σAB: γ_sv^AB=2√(γ_sv^+*γ_sv^-) and γ_lv^AB=2√(γ_lv^+*γ_lv^-) ( 5)…”

Section: γ_sv=γ_sv^lw+γ_sv^ab and γ_lv=γ_lv^lw+γ_lv^ab (4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially interesting because PEEK offers some additional benefits, such as X-ray transparency and bone-like strength, preventing stress shielding effects. In addition, the tensile strength of the resulting composite material can be adjusted within a range of 3.6 to 18 GPa by the implementation of glass or carbon fiber and thus adapted to the application [5,6]. Unfortunately, the chemical resistance results in a general inertness of the surface and a hydrophobic character of PEEK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Pressure Plasma Treated Polyetheretherketone for Biomedical Application- A Comparative Study on Surface Chemistry and Storage Stability

Petersen¹

2020

ABEB

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The surface chemistry of different plasma-treated PEEK was characterized by contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the results of the different methods were compared. In addition, the physicochemical changes on the surface were documented and evaluated within the course of the aging/recovery of the surface within one week. All plasma treatments had serious effects on the aromatic basic structure of the polymer, but at the same time increase the nitrogen and oxygen content of the surface up to a maximum of 28.2 % by means of oxygen plasma. Regardless of the process gas, the surface energy increases to >63 mN/m what results in a clearly hydrophilic surface. Overall, three phases of hydrophobic recovery were observed, in two of which the degradation of functional groups was shown by a decreasing surface energy. The changes in the acid properties could be quantified by Berger's method. The treatment in the oxygen plasma leads to an acidic surface with a Dshort value of 1.6. In nitrogen plasma, on the other hand, a slightly alkaline surface is generated with a shortened Berger parameter of -0.3. Regardless of the process gas and the initial nature of the surface, a slightly more acidic surface is formed during storage compared to the reference. The elemental composition of the plasma-treated PEEK appears to be relatively constant over the storage time, but with significant changes in the binding states. The double bonds induced during the plasma treatment are degraded and with them also the induced carboxylic acid.

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“…PEEK implants are extensively used to treat spine, orthopedic, and maxillofacial defects or ailments, mainly in reconstruction surgeries of these specialities. [3,12] Dentistry has also benefited from the advent of PEEK and is used as dental implants, healing caps, abutments, esthetic denture or prosthetic frameworks, and orthodontic braces, too. [13,14] Other PEEK review papers have discussed properties, manufacturing methods, and modifications for various applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of polyetheretherketone and its composites: A review

et al. 2022

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance plastic with favorable physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties for various industrial applications. Most PEEK substrates/components are manufactured using traditional methods like milling, compression molding, injection molding, pressure sintering, and so forth. With the advent of various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, researchers have been working on optimizing the processing parameters for AM of PEEK. Furthermore, several PEEK composites with improved properties have also been developed, and efforts have also been made to use these PEEK composites in AM. Since AM of PEEK and its composites is a relatively new area of the advanced manufacturing process, the field faces many challenges. There is a dearth of comprehensive reports on this topic. Keeping this perspective in mind, we have tried to collate the relevant information on the composites and AM of PEEK in this review. The review highlighted the influence of variation in composition on material properties and performance of PEEK and showed the correlation with AM processability of such composites. A detailed analysis of the various reports on fused deposition modeling and selective laser sintering based processing of PEEK composites is included in the review. Critical barriers to the AM of these high-performance polymer composites are pointed out. We have also included the outcome of some interesting studies about the coating of PEEK with various materials/compounds to provide a broader perspective. This review will help the researcher to design and develop additively manufactured PEEK-based structures with improved and customized properties.

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Functionalization of polyethetherketone for application in dentistry and orthopedics

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

PEEK surface modification by fast ambient-temperature sulfonation for bone implant applications

PEEK surface modification by fast ambient-temperature sulfonation for bone implant applications

Low-Pressure Plasma Treated Polyetheretherketone for Biomedical Application- A Comparative Study on Surface Chemistry and Storage Stability

Additive manufacturing of polyetheretherketone and its composites: A review

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