Functionalization of polyurethane for infection‐resistance surface

Abstract

Polyurethane (PU) has an eminence potential to be used as a urinary catheter because of its physicochemical properties. The biofilm accumulation on the surface of polyurethane is the biggest hindrance for its usage as a safe and prolonged catheter. Herein, the antimicrobial polyurethane was developed via wet chemistry method. Alkaline hydrolysis using NaOH was used for the generation of hydrophilic (amine) functionality on polyurethane surface. The reactant concentration and reaction time was investigated in terms of good amine functionality. The amine content at optimized condition was found to be ~4 μM/g in 8 h after treating with 10% NaOH. The surface morphology of hydrolyzed polyurethane was characterized using SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique, which confirmed the formation microdomains on the PU surface due to hydrolysis. Chlorohexidine digluconate (CLX) was used as model drug and CLX was simply incorporated by immersion of the PU in the CLX solution. The immobilization of drug was confirmed using surface chemistry analysis, that is, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping technique. The cumulative release of drug was observed with varying concentration of drug. Excellent bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficiency were observed for drug immobilized polyurethane against both gram‐positive bacteria S. aureus and gram‐negative bacteria E. coli. The designed CLX‐PU film did not allow the bacteria to adhere on its surface and mitigate the risk of biofilm formation.

Amination of Polyurethane for Designing Infection-Resistant Surfaces

“…The reactant concentration and the temperature of aminolysis also influence the surface morphology since they directly affect the rate of reaction . The surface morphology of aminolyzed PU drastically changed with an increase in EDA concentration, as shown in Figure b.…”

“…However, the tendency of biofilm formation on the surface of PU limits its application as a long-term biomedical implant. 6 To address the above-stated problem, designing antimicrobial PU is a good approach, which requires the functionalization of PU. The aminolysis reaction is a nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl carbon of the urethane linkage, which also forms a free amine and hydroxyl (−OH) group.…”

“…3,8,9 However, the inherent chemical inertness and hydrophobicity of PU are the major constraints for the immobilization of functional coatings on its surface. 6 To subdue this, surface modification of PU implants leading to the generation of functional moieties is advantageous. The resulting functionality acts as an anchoring site to further immobilize bioactive agents.…”

“…These bacterial challenges, leading to a high mortality rate, persuaded the development of antimicrobial surfaces to combat surface-associated infections. Three major strategies are proposed for designing an infection-resistant surface: antiadhesive coating, bactericidal coating, and hierarchical coating (that includes the properties of both antiadhesive and bactericidal coatings). ,, However, the inherent chemical inertness and hydrophobicity of PU are the major constraints for the immobilization of functional coatings on its surface . To subdue this, surface modification of PU implants leading to the generation of functional moieties is advantageous.…”

Preparation of laminated safety glass based on high strength polyurethane film by solution annealing

“…In the past few years, TPU has been widely applied in construction, medical, military, aviation and other fields depending on its designability of the molecular structure and properties. [9][10][11][12] The aliphatic polyurethane elastomers attract more attention in recent years with their superior light transmittance, impact resistance and mechanical properties, which are suitable as the substitute for EVA and PVB materials. [13][14][15] The impact resistance of laminated glass is depended on the mechanical and bonding properties of polyurethane intermediate film.…”