Functionalization of Reduced Graphene Oxide with β‐cyclodextrin Modified Palladium Nanoparticles for the Detection of Hydrazine in Environmental Water Samples

Abstract

A sensitive and selective hydrazine sensor was developed by β‐cyclodextrin modified palladium nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO) nanocomposite. The PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO hybrid material was prepared by simple electrochemical method. The hydrophobic cavity of β‐CD ineracts with palladium nanoparticles by hydrophobic interaction and further it is uniformly assembled on the rGO surface through hydrogen bond formation, which is clearly confirmed by FT‐IR, FESEM and TEM. The high electrocatalytic activity of hydrazine oxidation was observed at −0.05 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) on PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO modified electrode; due to the excellent stabilization, high catalytic activity and large surface area of the PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO composite. The PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO fabricated hydrazine sensor exhibited an excellent analytical performance, including high sensitivity (1.95 μA μM−1 cm−2), lower detection limit (28 nM) and a wide linear range (0.05 to 1600 μM). We also demonstrated that the PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO nanocomposite modified electrode is a highly selective and sensitive sensor towards detection of hydrazine among the various interfering species. Hence, the proposed hydrazine sensor is able to determine hydrazine in different water samples.

Rational Design of Novel Efficient Palladium Electrode Embellished 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polyimide Foam for Hydrogen Peroxide Electroreduction

“…It was proved that PI foam was successfully prepared by thermal foaming and imidization process. For the PRP electrode, compared with the other curves in Figure , a new absorption peak which appeared on the PRP curve at 622 cm –1 was related to the electrodeposited Pd …”

“…For the PRP electrode, compared with the other curves in Figure 3, a new absorption peak which appeared on the PRP curve at 622 cm −1 was related to the electrodeposited Pd. 47 The structure and phase composition of the as-prepared materials were affirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Figure 4 displays the XRD patterns of GO, RGO, 3D RPF, and PRP electrode.…”

Review—Electrochemical Hydrazine Sensors Based on Graphene Supported Metal/Metal Oxide Nanomaterials

“…Many studies have been conducted to synthesis graphene/Palladium nanocomposites for hydrazine detection. 104,110,[112][113][114] For example, palladium nanoparticles-ornamented on graphene Oxide (GO) rotating disk electrodes (RDEs) toward hydrazine sensing were synthesized by an in situ polyol method. 115 This study explores the effects of the analyte's hydrodynamic diffusion and the nanoparticles' particle size on the electrodes to optimize the sensing conditions.…”

Lignosulfonate-Assisted In Situ Deposition of Palladium Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes for the Electrocatalytic Sensing of Hydrazine

“…The presence of palladium nanoparticles (NPds) on the electrode surface reduces the oxidation potential of hydrazine and leads to the formation of dinitrogen [36]. However, electrode modification with NPds alone does not guarantee the best possible results as the particles tend to aggregate into larger structures, resulting in reduced catalytic activity and instability [37]. Much better results are obtained by dispersing the nanoparticles in some type of matrix.…”