Functionalized Biomimetic Magnetic Nanoparticles as Effective Nanocarriers for Targeted Chemotherapy

Abstract

Novel MamC‐mediated biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) are proposed as valuable carriers for targeted chemotherapy because of the size (36 ± 12 nm) and of surface properties conferred by MamC coating. They are super‐paramagnetic at room and body temperatures, have a large magnetic moment per particle, mediate hyperthermia, are cytocompatible, and, having a negative surface charge at physiological pH, can be efficiently coupled with DOXOrubicin (DOXO) and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the human Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor (overexpressed in many cancers) displaying coupling stability, while releasing DOXO at acidic pH. This release can be enhanced by hyperthermia. The DOXO‐mAb‐BMNPs selectively recognize Met, bind efficiently to Met+ tumor cells, and discharge DOXO within their nuclei more efficiently than DOXO‐BMNPs, exerting cytotoxicity. These data represent proof of concept for future in vivo experiments in which the controlled dual targeting (mAb‐mediated and magnetic) approach and combined (chemotherapy and hyperthermia) therapy will be studied.

Eu-Doped Citrate-Coated Carbonated Apatite Luminescent Nanoprobes for Drug Delivery

“…When compared to the toxicity exerted by soluble Doxo, these Doxo-loaded nanoparticles were found to be less toxic, at least at the lower nanoparticles concentrations tested. Similar findings were reported also for other Doxo-loaded nanoparticles prepared with different carriers [20,[60][61][62][63] and do…”

“…When compared to the toxicity exerted by soluble Doxo, these Doxo-loaded nanoparticles were found to be less toxic, at least at the lower nanoparticles concentrations tested. Similar findings were reported also for other Doxo-loaded nanoparticles prepared with different carriers [20,[60][61][62][63] and do not represent a drawback of these compounds. Indeed, although they have a lower cytotoxic activity than soluble Doxo, they can circulate in the blood stream for longer periods, and thus should exert more efficient passive targeting of the tumor through the so-called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect typical of tumor immature vasculature [64].…”

Biomimetic Magnetoliposomes as Oxaliplatin Nanocarriers: In Vitro Study for Potential Application in Colon Cancer

“…In this context, and taking inspiration from nature, novel magnetosome-like magnetite nanoparticles can be produced by means of magnetosome-associated proteins [2,3]. The main advantage of these magnetosome-like magnetic nanoparticles (namely biomimetic nanoparticles) versus magnetosomes is that their production could be scaled-up easily than that for magnetosomes, and their advantage over inorganic magnetic nanoparticles is that biomimetic ones show novel properties which make them promising nanocarriers [4][5][6].…”

“…However, these MmsF-mediated magnetic nanoparticles are still not characterized enough to determine whether or not they could be of use in nanotechnology. On the contrary, MamC-mediated biomimetic nanoparticles (here referred as BMNPs) have demonstrated their potential as promising drug nanocarriers [5,6,14,15] and as hyperthermia agents [16,17], opening the possibility of a combined therapy by using the same nanoplatform. MamC controls magnetite nucleation and growth by both template and ionotropic effects [18], remaining attached to the nanoparticles and forming a nanocomposite (95 wt% magnetite + 5 wt% MamC) that results, not only in magnetic nanoparticles of different size and morphology (and thus magnetic properties) compared to those of chemically produced ones, but also in nanoparticles with novel surface properties [5].…”

“…In fact, a previous proof of concept showed that BMNPs were biocompatible and could be coupled with Oxaliplatin (Oxa) [14]. Therefore, these MamC-mediated BMNPs have been proposed as efficient nanocarriers [5,6,14,15] of a number of molecules offering crucial advantages over the use of inorganically synthesized magnetic nanoparticles to this end.…”