Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are useful nanomaterials as
transducers
for colorimetric sensors because of their high extinction coefficient
and ability to change color depending on aggregation status. Therefore,
over the past few decades, AuNP-based colorimetric sensors have been
widely applied in several environmental and biological applications,
including the detection of water pollutants. According to various
studies, water pollutants are classified into heavy metals or cationic
metal ions, toxins, and pesticides. Notably, many researchers have
been interested in AuNP that detect water pollutants with high sensitivity
and selectivity, while offering no adverse environmental issues in
terms of AuNP use. This review provides a representative overview
of AuNP-based colorimetric sensors for detecting several water pollutants.
In particular, we emphasize the advantages of AuNP as colorimetric
transducers for water pollutant detection in terms of their low toxicity,
high stability, facile processability, and unique optical properties.
Next, we discuss the status quo and future prospects of AuNP-based
colorimetric sensors for the detection of water pollutants. We believe
that this review will promote research and development of AuNP as
next-generation colorimetric transducers for water pollutant detection.