Functionalized Graphene Nanocomposites for Water Treatment

Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst Based on PdNPs Stabilized on a Green-Synthesized Graphene-like Nanomaterial: Effect of Surface Functionalization

“…The experimental results show a slight decrease of the intensities of absorption peaks of MB (16.6%) and Eo-Y (20.8%), but no visible change of the initial dye solution color was observed after 24 h of contact time. The slight decrease of the characteristic absorption peaks is due to adsorption of the dye molecules onto the functionalized GHN layers via π–π interactions and hydrogen bonds. − Furthermore, when the dye solutions were mixed with freshly prepared aqueous solutions of NaBH 4 and GHN–COOH in the absence of the immobilized PdNPs nanocatalyst, a very low decrease of the characteristic absorption peaks at 666 (30.1 – 16.6 = 13.5%) and 517 nm (22.4 – 20.8 = 1.6%) corresponding respectively to MB and Eo-Y occurred. These investigations showed that in the absence of PdNPs-decorated GHN, a very slow and slight decrease of the intensity of the characteristic peak of each dye was observed even after a long time (24 h), indicating that the reduction reaction did not occur (a very low yield of the reduction reaction was reached).…”

“…This high catalytic activity could be attributable to three main reasons. First, the homogeneous PdNPs loading on the two-dimensional graphene-like nanostructure surface allows for a high surface area for efficient complexing the dye molecules. , Second, the organic functionalization process of the GHN surface leads to greater stabilizing of PdNPs and inhibits the aggregation of the small-sized nanoparticles. , Third, the good dispersion of the nanohybrid catalyst (GHN–COO@PdNPs) in water provides a highly efficient contact between the catalytic sites (PdNPs) and the exposed dye molecules. , …”

Recent developments of metallic nanoparticles and their catalytic activity in organic reactions

“…Graphene has unique and remarkable properties such as electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties due to its complex and orderly structure. [ 96–99 ] Ionic liquids have been introduced as suitable catalysts in organic chemistry due to their properties such as high ion conductivity, low volatility, high‐temperature tolerance, and environmental friendliness. [ 100–102 ]…”

“…[93][94][95] Graphene has unique and remarkable properties such as electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties due to its complex and orderly structure. [96][97][98][99] Ionic liquids have been introduced as suitable catalysts in organic chemistry due to their properties such as high ion conductivity, low volatility, high-temperature tolerance, and environmental friendliness. [100][101][102] In 2016, Hareesh et al synthesized a catalyst from Au and Ag alloys with 6-9 nm on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, which showed excellent results in reducing 4-nitrophenol.…”