Functionalized Inorganic Nanoparticles for the Detection of Food and Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens

Abstract

Infections acquired from ingesting contaminated food and water poses an adverse effect on public health and safety, thus affecting nations' economy. Technical approaches developed over years have contributed adequately to microbial detection in food and water, yet, unveiling spaces for more improvement on early and rapid detection of pathogens. This review highlights different strategy assessing bio-functionalized inorganic nanoparticles towards the detection of pathogens in food and water samples. Conjugates of several bio-receptors and inorganic nanoparticles showed rapid, real-time, repeatability, and appreciable limit of detection in targeted pathogens. A patent referenced in this study established the biocompatibility of bio-functionalized inorganic nanoparticles mechanism. Unique attributes exhibited by bio-functionalized inorganic nanoparticles showed potential and improvement of the existing bio-sensing pathogen detection methods. Each of the identified strategies described showed a promising pathway accommodating the development of simple, and even the fabrication of low-cost materials for easy detection of bacterial pathogens in food and water products.

Development of Biosensor for early Detection of COVID-19

“…Electrochemical biosensor ideas come from the basic of glucose biosensors. Electrochemical biosensor detect the responses (current) at a constant potential during electrochemical reaction [27]. With the features of high sensitivity, low cost and rapid response makes it the best choice for both qualitative and quantitative analytes detection [28].…”

Affinity capture of escherichia coli pathotypes using poly-L-lysine functionalized silver nanoparticles

“…Recent advances in colorimetric and plasmonic sensing of food and waterborne pathogens have been achieved due to the incorporation of the nanotechnology approach into biosensors [18]. This technique demonstrates the importance of visual colour change as a robust tool for the detection of food and waterborne pathogens in a fast manner [19]. For example, Wu et al devised aptamer-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and assessed the conjugate for colorimetric and plasmonic detection of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 [20].…”

Bio-Receptors Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Resourceful Sensing and Colorimetric Detection Tool for Pathogenic Bacteria and Microbial Biomolecules

“…Examples of such include; Escherichia coli (Duan et al, 2020), Salmonella typhi (Yi et al, 2019), Salmonella enteritidis (Alamer et al, 2018), Staphylococcus aureus (Du et al, 2020), Vibrio cholera (Peng and Chen, 2019), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Sun et al, 2019), Bacillus cereus (Li et al, 2018), Listeria monocytogenes (Zhang L. et al, 2016), Shigella flexneri (Feng et al, 2019), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Das et al, 2019), Campylobacter jejuni (Alamer et al, 2018), and Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (Eryılmaz et al, 2020). A review by Daramola et al (2020) reported traditional-based (plate culture), immunological-based (ELISA), nucleic acid-based (PCR, Sequencing), and protein-based (MALDI-TOF-MS) methods as veritable techniques for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. However, limitations which include longer detection time, limited trained personnel, and the use of expensive and sophisticated materials have constantly challenged the relevance of these widely used methods (Daramola et al, 2020;Ferone et al, 2020).…”

“…A review by Daramola et al (2020) reported traditional-based (plate culture), immunological-based (ELISA), nucleic acid-based (PCR, Sequencing), and protein-based (MALDI-TOF-MS) methods as veritable techniques for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. However, limitations which include longer detection time, limited trained personnel, and the use of expensive and sophisticated materials have constantly challenged the relevance of these widely used methods (Daramola et al, 2020;Ferone et al, 2020). In recent times, nanotechnology-biosensor-based techniques have received global attention with growing interest in optical biosensors namely; surface plasmon resonance (SPR), photographic and colorimetric detection (Yoo and Lee, 2016;Mocan et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2020).…”

“…Several bio-receptors which include antibodies, oligonucleotide aptamers, proteins, enzymes, nanozymes (chromogens), cells, antigens, microorganisms, bio-mimic substances, and other small molecules have been reported as promising functionalizing agents on nanomaterials (Nguyen and Kim, 2020). According to Daramola et al (2020), bio-receptors attachment on nanomaterials surfaces can be achieved by a direct or indirect method which oftentimes, is dependent on the biochemical mechanisms of the bio-recognizing elements. The direct method which includes physical adsorption and covalent coupling is achieved through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of linkers such as Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Poly-L-lysine (PLL), Polyethylenimine (PEI), and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).…”