Functionalized MXene/Halide Perovskite Heterojunctions for Perovskite Solar Cells Stable Under Real Outdoor Conditions

Abstract

Despite the performance improvement in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) when MXenes are employed as transport layers, device stability studies are still missing. Especially under real outdoor conditions where devices are subjected to the synergy of multiple stressors. In this work, functionalized 2D titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene is employed in normal PSC configuration, at the interface between the halide perovskite and the hole transport layer. The functionalization of the Ti3C2 MXene is made utilizing the same organic additive passivating the halide perovskite layer. The functionalizing strategy creates a continuous link between the MXene and the halide perovskite layer. Champion MXene‐based PSCs revealed a ≈22% efficiency, in comparison with the control device showing 20.56%. Stability analyses under ISOS protocols under different conditions (dark, continuous light irradiation and real outdoor analysis) reveal that the enhancement of the PSCs lifespan is always observed when the MXene layer is employed. Analysis under continuous light irradaition (ISOS‐L) reveal an almost 100% retention of the efficiency for the MXene‐modified device, and outdoor testing (ISOS‐O) carried out for > 600 h reveals a T80 of ≈600 h, while the control device degrades completely. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the stability assesment of MXene‐based PSCs carried out under real outdoor (ISOS‐O) conditions.

Synergistic Effects of Energy Level Alignment and Trap Passivation via 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine Hydrochloride for Efficient and Air-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The HTL presolution was prepared with a standard method as reported in ref . Briefly, 182 mg of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis­( N , N -di- p -methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 2 mL of CB solvent with dopants of tris­[2-(1 H -pyrazol-1-yl)-4- tert -butylpyridine]-cobalt­(III)-tris­[bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide] (FK209, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), 4- tert -butylpyridine ( t BP, 98%), and lithium bis­(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)­imide (Li-TFSI, 99.95%) . Then, to form HTL, 90 μL of the above precursor was deposited on the triple-cation perovskite layer by spin-coating at 4000 rpm for 30 s. For the humidity stability test, a 15 mg/mL poly­[bis­(4-phenyl)­(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)­amine] (PTAA, Lumtec) solution in toluene with 5 mol % tris­(pentafluorophenyl)­borane (BCF, 95%, Sigma-Aldrich) dopant was used as a HTL precursor.…”

Annual research review of perovskite solar cells in 2023

“…before entering the Energy Market. To accelerate the commercialization of PSCs, several methods have been employed for improving the device stability: PVK composition optimization [259][260][261][262][263][264][265], surface and interface passivation [259,[266][267][268][269][270][271], molecular design of carrier transport material [146,177,[272][273][274][275][276], electrode modification [277], and rational encapsulation [278,279], among others [81,280,281].…”

Exploring the Potential of MXene Contacts on Wide‐Bandgap Dion–Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cell: A Numerical Study

“…This layer-by-layer arrangement improves the structural stability of the perovskite and addresses the stability challenges faced by 3D perovskites. [21][22][23][24] Moreover, DJ-Ps demonstrate excellent photovoltaic (PV) properties, including high carrier mobility (10 À5 cm 2 V À1 s À1 ), high absorption coefficient, and tunable bandgap. [25][26][27] Interestingly, within just 1 year, DJ-phase perovskite solar cells (PSCs) witnessed a remarkable increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE), from 7.32% to 17.9%.…”

“…Their findings indicate that the incorporation of MXene can effectively passivate defects in perovskite-based solar cells and enhancement in the life span of solar cells is also observed. [24] In the same year, Niyitanga et al conducted a review article, revealing that MXene contacts have the capability to facilitate the extraction of electrons and holes from the perovskite layer. Their findings also highlighted that integrating MXene leads to enhanced stability and improved performance of solar cells.…”