“…Acetoacetyl-CoA is subsequently reduced to d -3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA by the acetoacetyl-CoA reductase PhaB, and finally, the polymerization reaction is catalyzed by the PHB synthase PhaC. − PHAs have been widely evaluated as an environmentally friendly surrogate for petroleum-based plastics as the bioplastic can be sustainably synthesized in natural producers or engineered bacteria and exhibits beneficial properties including good biocompatibility, high biodegradability, and nontoxicity . Under appropriate growth conditions, synthesized PHA makes up up to 90% of the cell dry weight and accumulates in the cytoplasm as spherical particles with a size of 100–500 nm. , Besides the hydrophobic PHA core, the granules are surrounded by a protein layer. , This layer is composed of different PHA-associated proteins including PhaC, different phasins (e.g., PhaP or PhaF), a depolymerase, and other regulatory and structural proteins. − Based on this observation, PHA granules were further used to develop a versatile in vivo protein immobilization and display technology. ,,− In most cases, accordingly engineered E. coli strains, harboring the essential PHB biosynthesis genes, are applied for POI in vivo immobilization. For this purpose, the synthase PhaC can be employed as a versatile anchor protein, because it tolerates POI fusions at its N- and C-termini.…”