Functionalized Rare-Earth Metal Cluster-Based Materials as Additives for Enhancing the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

The polynuclear metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) possess satisfactory chemical and thermal stability and exhibit promising potential as candidates for improving the working performance of photoelectric devices. Herein, two polynuclear rare-earth MOFs, Tb-TZB and Tb-FTZB, (H 2 TZB = 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) benzoic acid, H 2 FTZB = 2-fluoro-4-(1Htetrazol-5-yl) benzoic acid) with a face-centered cubic (fcu) topology are synthesized through the solvothermal method. The highly chemically stable framework and matched energy levels make them ideal additives for the hole transport layer to optimize perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The N and O elements containing lone-pair electrons in the MOF framework interact with uncoordinated Pb 2+ and passivate the surface defects of the perovskite film, thus promoting carrier transport in the interface and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the two MOF-modified PSCs. Specifically, the PCE of Tb-FTZB-modified PSCs increases to 21.31% with remarkable repeatability and good stability under long-time storage, indicating the reliability of the fluorine substitution strategy. This work suggests an efficient route to realize high-performance PSCs by employing structurally stable MOF additives.

Two Stable Sodalite-Cage-Based MOFs for Highly Gas Selective Capture and Conversion in Cycloaddition Reaction

“…The widespread use of fossil fuels has led to an increase of atmospheric CO 2 concentration, which has generated serious environmental problems, such as extreme weather, ocean acidification, and global warming. − These undesirable environmental issues can be addressed by the selective capture and subsequent utilization of CO 2 as a sustainable C 1 feedstock for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and fuels. − In this regard, several effective strategies have been employed to convert CO 2 into various value-added chemicals, like cyclic carbonates, polycarbonates, and other fine chemicals. − Among them, cycloaddition reactions of epoxides, as one of the most atom-economical methods to obtain cyclic carbonates in high yield and high selectivity, have attracted great interest from researchers. − Cyclic carbonates have several excellent properties and can be used as electrolytes for the production of polymers, fuel additives, etc. , However, the high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO 2 limit its chemical fixation into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions . Therefore, catalysts are essential to achieve efficient functionalization of CO 2 into high-value chemicals under mild conditions.…”

Metal‐Organic Framework Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Advancements and Perspectives

“…[71] Moreover, two polynuclear rare-earth MOFs, Tb-TZB and Tb-FTZB, (H 2 TZB = 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) benzoic acid, H 2 FTZB = 2-fluoro-4-(1Htetrazol-5-yl) benzoic acid) with a highly chemically stable framework and similar energy levels were introduced to the HTLs. The PCE of Tb-FTZB-modified PSCs increased to 21.31% with good stability under long-term storage for 500 h. [72] As mentioned before, Li-TFSI is used as a conventional p-dopant for Spiro-OMeTAD to improve the hole mobility and conductivity. However, the hygroscopic Li-TFSI absorbs moisture and, consequently, accelerates the degradation of perovskites.…”

“…[ 71 ] Moreover, two polynuclear rare‐earth MOFs, Tb‐TZB and Tb‐FTZB, (H 2 TZB = 4‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl) benzoic acid, H 2 FTZB = 2‐fluoro‐4‐(1Htetrazol‐5‐yl) benzoic acid) with a highly chemically stable framework and similar energy levels were introduced to the HTLs. The PCE of Tb‐FTZB‐modified PSCs increased to 21.31% with good stability under long‐term storage for 500 h. [ 72 ]…”

Ligand Torsion Engineering in Three Flexible Metal–Organic-Frameworks Exhibiting Distinct Breathing Behavior for Enhancing C2H2 Capture

“…Recently, porous material for adsorption separation is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that consist of metal or metal cluster nodes and ligand linkers have received widespread attention in gas adsorption and separation, − luminescence, − drug delivery, , magnetic, microwave absorption, perovskite solar cells, and catalysis. − As a subcategory of MOFs, flexible MOFs (FMOFs) remain at the forefront of porous materials research, in certain cases exhibiting unusual breathing behavior where a sudden increase in adsorption happens accompanied with the change in the pore structure at a gate opening pressure induced by structural distortion, , temperature, , mechanical pressure, , or light. , It is more suitable for separating target species from mixtures, and selective gate-opening adsorption with remarkable structural transformations in FMOFs renders them beneficial for gas storage and separation. − …”