Functionalized Surface Layer on Poplar Wood Fabricated by Fire Retardant and Thermal Densification. Part 1: Compression Recovery and Flammability

Chu, Demiao; Mu, Jun; Avramidis, Stavros; Rahimi, Shaban; Liu, Shengquan; Lai, Zhenquan

doi:10.3390/f10110955

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The accelerated ultraviolet aging test was conducted for 720 hours on the original wood and wood coated with chitosan/sodium phytate/Al (OH) 3 . The color value before UV irradiation was used as the initial reference value to determine the color differences ∆L*, ∆a*, and ∆b* and the total color difference ∆E* after lighting for 2,6,12,24,36,48,60,72,96,120,144,168,192,240,360,480, 600, and 720 hours. As the diagram indicates (Figure 3), the ∆L* of the original wood was significantly reduced, and the ∆a* and ∆b* were significantly increased after 720 hours of UV exposure.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Properties of Spray-Assisted Layer-By-Layer ElectroStatic Self-Assembly Treated Wooden Take-Off Board

et al. 2021

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Wooden take-off board is easy to crack, deform, discolor, and decay when it is used outdoors, which not only increases maintenance costs but also reduces its service life. Multifunctional coatings with UV-resistant, water-repellent, and flame-retardant properties were successfully obtained on the surface of a wooden take-off board substrate by spray-assisted layer-by-layer self-assembly. The coatings consisted of positively-charged chitosan, Al (OH)3, and negatively-charged sodium phytate through electrostatic adsorption several times. The treated wood exhibited high UV resistance, and the color remained constant after 720 hours of ultraviolet irradiation. The wettability of the wood surface after treatment became superhydrophobic, with initial static contact angles as high as 140°. In addition, limiting oxygen index and air exposure combustion tests were used to verify that chitosan, sodium phytate, and aluminum hydroxide could synergistically confer significant fire resistance to modified wood.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cracking, deformation, discoloration, and decay of the wood surface not only increase the maintenance cost after use but also reduce its service life [2]. Thus, there is a need for outdoor wooden take-off boards with improved weather resistance [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties of Spray-Assisted Layer-By-Layer ElectroStatic Self-Assembly Treated Wooden Take-Off Board

et al. 2021

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“…The NP-TM method was used to fabricate a certain thickness of functionalized surface layer on poplar (Populus beijingensis W. Y. Hsu). The treatment is the same as described in Part 1 [9].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several thermomechanical (TM) methods have been developed for that purpose [7,8]. For further details, see Part 1 of our study [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Surface Layer on Poplar Wood Fabricated by Fire Retardant and Thermal Densification. Part 2: Dynamic Wettability and Bonding Strength

Chu

Avramidis

et al. 2019

Forests

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In continuation of our former study on a novel combined treatment of nitrogen–phosphorus fire retardant and thermomechanical densification on wood, this study focuses on the dynamic wettability and the bonding strength. The contact angle was measured using the sessile drop method and the surface energy was calculated according to the van Oss method. Water surface penetrating and spreading is analyzed by both the Shi and Gardner model and the droplet volume changing model. The results reveal that the combined treatment increased the surface energy, especially the acid–base component. The contact angle declined and the water droplet spread more easily on the surface. Meanwhile, the rate of relative droplet volume decreased by 32.6% because the surface layer was densified and stabilized by the combined process. Additionally, the surface possesses the lowest roughness and highest abrasion resistance on the tangential section. Thus, the bonding strength of the combined treated poplar decreased by 29.7% compared to that of untreated poplar; however, it is still 53.3% higher than that of 220 °C heat-treated wood.

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“…It is one of the input data for calculation of fire resistance of wooden constructions according to STN EN 1995-1-2 (Eurocode 5) [ 16 ]. To enhance both the compression stability and fire resistance of wood, Chu et al [ 17 ] used a new modification method; combined nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) fire retardant pre-impregnated with surface thermo-mechanical densification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Heat Flux to the Fire-Technical and Chemical Properties of Spruce Wood (Picea abies L.)

et al. 2021

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The paper assesses the influence of the heat flux on spruce wood (Picea abies L.) behavior. The heat flux was performed at 15, 20, 25, and 30 kW∙m−2. The fire-technical properties, such as the mass burning rate, charring thickness, charring rate, as well as the chemical composition (contents of the extractives, lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), of wood were determined. The highest burning rate of spruce wood of 0.32 %·s−1 was reached at the heat flux of 30 kW∙m−2. The charring rate ranged from 1.004 mm·min−1 (15 kW∙m−2) to 2.016 mm.min−1 (30 kW∙m−2). The proposed model of the charring process of spruce wood in time and appropriate thickness as a selected parameter is applicable in validation of the results of computer fire models in the design of fire protection of wooden buildings. The decrease in the holocellulose content mostly caused by the degradation of hemicelluloses was observed during thermal loading. The biggest decrease in hemicelluloses (24.94%) was recorded in samples loaded at 30 kW∙m−2. The contents of cellulose increased due to the structural changes (carbonization and crosslinking), the content of lignin increased as well due to its higher thermal stability compared to saccharides, as well as the resulting lignin condensation.

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Functionalized Surface Layer on Poplar Wood Fabricated by Fire Retardant and Thermal Densification. Part 1: Compression Recovery and Flammability

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Surface Properties of Spray-Assisted Layer-By-Layer ElectroStatic Self-Assembly Treated Wooden Take-Off Board

Surface Properties of Spray-Assisted Layer-By-Layer ElectroStatic Self-Assembly Treated Wooden Take-Off Board

Functionalized Surface Layer on Poplar Wood Fabricated by Fire Retardant and Thermal Densification. Part 2: Dynamic Wettability and Bonding Strength

The Effect of Heat Flux to the Fire-Technical and Chemical Properties of Spruce Wood (Picea abies L.)

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