“…Both locations contained a mixture of open grass, in which birds feed, and trees, required for nesting, roosting and shelter (Higgins, Peter, & Cowling, 2006). Local predators include brown goshawks Accipiter fasciatus, collared sparrowhawks, A. cirrocephalus, peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus and Australian hobbies, Falco longipennis (Taylor, 1992;Higgins, 1999), and foxes, Vulpes vulpes, cats, Felis catus, and dogs, Canis lupus familiaris (Cunningham & Magrath, 2017). The magpies in our study areas are habituated to humans, making them amenable subjects for our experiments.…”