Functioning of Young Adults With ADHD in the Military

Fruchter, Eyal; Marom-Harel, Hadar; Fenchel, Daphna; Kapra, Ori; Ginat, Keren; Portuguese, Shirley; Weiser, Mark

doi:10.1177/1087054716652478

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Another Israeli study found no difference in military service completion rates for individuals with ADHD as compared with previously established general completion rates, but the population size in this comparison was small, n=70 [14]. Two studies have investigated substance use in ADHD conscripts, but cigarette and alcohol dependence or other forms of substance abuse have not been reported to be increased among young adults with ADHD during military service [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…To our knowledge no such investigations have been carried out in the Nordic countries. One Israeli study of military conscripts with ADHD performed to assess military performance and general fitness by comparison with controls (ADHD cases n=14,655, controls n=29,310) found that the subjects with ADHD were more likely to be exempted from service, were less suitable for combat and required more sick leave [13]. Another Israeli study found no difference in military service completion rates for individuals with ADHD as compared with previously established general completion rates, but the population size in this comparison was small, n=70 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Military performance of men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: findings from a follow-up study in the Northern Finland birth cohort 1986

Halt

Uusitalo

Niemi

et al. 2022

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Purpose:The aim was to assess the military performance of men with adolescent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and men with childhood ADHD (in remission during adolescence) as compared with controls without ADHD. Methods: The study employs the general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) together with data received from the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF). A total of 38 men with childhood ADHD and 67 with adolescent ADHD were compared with 160 controls. Results: The men with adolescent ADHD were more often deemed unfit for military service, had more military health care visits, more often committed at least one offence during service, received poorer evaluations for team leadership skills and indulged in more alcohol consumption and smoking than the controls, while those with childhood ADHD did not differ from the controls in their military fitness, but received poorer evaluations for team leadership skills and smoked more than did the controls. Conclusion:The conscripts with adolescent ADHD performed worse on many military parameters, but the men with ADHD in remission did not seem to suffer from such negative effects on military performance. The childhood ADHD group in particular was nevertheless somewhat limited in size, which might have led to a Type II error.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military performance of men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: findings from a follow-up study in the Northern Finland birth cohort 1986

Halt

Uusitalo

Niemi

et al. 2022

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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“…Military service is yet another index for social function as it is highly demanding and in the Republic of Korea, mandatory for men 19 years of age or older. Although ADHD diagnosis does not automatically exempt an individual from military service, young men with ADHD are medically unsuitable for military service in general and show lower functioning (availing more sick days and seeking more health care) [114]. They are not only more likely to have comorbid personality and minor mood disorders but are significantly more at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder [114,115].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Adult Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although ADHD diagnosis does not automatically exempt an individual from military service, young men with ADHD are medically unsuitable for military service in general and show lower functioning (availing more sick days and seeking more health care) [114]. They are not only more likely to have comorbid personality and minor mood disorders but are significantly more at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder [114,115]. A combination of lower intellectual capabilities and more psychiatric comorbidities may be predictive of poor adjustment outcomes in young adults with ADHD [68].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Adult Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Korean Practice Parameter for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Bahn

Lee

Yoo

et al. 2020

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objectives: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important mental health problem that needs resolution, especially considering the high rates of ADHD continuation from childhood to adolescence/adulthood and the high prevalence of ADHD in adults. Adults with ADHD have lifelong negative impacts and require close monitoring with long-term follow-up. Hence, the establishment of a Korean practice parameter for adult ADHD is necessary to minimize discontinuation of treatment and enable information sharing among Korean mental health professionals. Methods: The Korean practice parameter was developed using an evidence-based approach consisting of expert consensus survey coupled with literature review. Letter-Number Sequencing. Although pharmacotherapy is recommended as the first-line of treatment for adult ADHD, we recommend that it be followed by a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach including psychoeducation, pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy and coaching. Conclusion: The Korean practice parameter introduces not only general information for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD on a global scale, but also the process of diagnosis and treatment options tailored to the Korean population.The etiology of ADHD is complex and includes both genetic and environmental factors. However, several studies suggest that the causes of ADHD are largely genetic and the disorder has high heritability [7]. Genetic factorsSeveral studies have shown that ADHD has a strong genetic influence and is inherited across generations [8][9][10][11]. Extensive reports from twin and adoption studies have consistently shown high heritability of approximately 75% for childhood ADHD [12], countering the initial estimates of 30-50% [13-15]. These differences might be due to rater effects, which when controlled for, reduced the incompatibility between childhood and adult ADHD [16].

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“…The military is a highly demanding environment among various forms of social organization 12. Several studies have reported negative perceptions of individuals with ADHD in the military, lower functional level;12 higher indices of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse;13 shorter relationship spans;13 increased vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder;14 and lower quality of life 15. In Singapore, all male citizens who have reached the age of 18 years are legally mandated to enlist in the military, and those diagnosed with ADHD are assigned to administrative duties that do not provide easy accessibility to firearms, explosives, and ammunition 13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social function of adult men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the context of military service

Noh

Lee

Bahn

2018

NDT

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PurposeThis study examined the characteristics of adult men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on social outcomes with particular focus on social function in the context of military service.Subjects and methodsEighty-nine adult male outpatients diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood were included in this retrospective chart review study. Participants were divided into two groups: “military service group (MS)” (those who had completed military duty) and “nonmilitary service group (NMS)” (those who were exempted from conscription or engaged in public service). MS included 50 subjects and NMS included 39 subjects. The age at first ADHD diagnosis, intelligence quotient (IQ), occupation, and psychiatric comorbidities were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe age at first diagnosis, IQ, and number of employed participants were significantly higher in MS than in NMS. NMS had significantly more psychiatric comorbidities than those in MS. In both groups, depression was the most common psychiatric comorbidity. Logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects’ IQ, psychiatric comorbidity, and age at first diagnosis were determinants of military duty completion.ConclusionThe results strongly suggested that IQ and psychiatric comorbidities are the most crucial factors affecting military service in male adults with ADHD, independent of ADHD.

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Functioning of Young Adults With ADHD in the Military

Abstract: These results support a negative effect of ADHD on the functioning of young adults in a military setting.

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Military performance of men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: findings from a follow-up study in the Northern Finland birth cohort 1986

Military performance of men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: findings from a follow-up study in the Northern Finland birth cohort 1986

Development of the Korean Practice Parameter for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Social function of adult men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the context of military service

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