Functions of Anionic Lipids in Plants

Abstract

Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to modulate the physical properties of membranes, such as their surface charges, curvature, or clustering of proteins. Moreover, by mediating interactions with numerous membrane-associated proteins, they are key components in the establishment of organelle identity and dynamics. Finally, anionic lipids also act as signaling molecules, as they are rapidly produced or interconverted by a set of dedicated enzymes. As such, anionic lipids are major regulators of many fundamental cellular processes, including cell signaling, cell division, membrane trafficking, cell growth, and gene expression. In this review, we describe the functions of anionic lipids from a cellular perspective. Using the localization of each anionic lipid and its related metabolic enzymes as starting points, we summarize their roles within the different compartments of the endomembrane system and address their associated developmental and physiological consequences.

Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes

“…The proportion of the lipids was calculated as the weight of the percentage of fatty acids [59] Lipids perform many functions (Table 3). Among others, they influence performance, regulation, and physical properties of the membranes [74,75], serve in the distribution, organization, and functioning of bilayer spanning proteins [76], are involved in compartmentalization of cells and organells and are integral components of the photosynthetic protein complexes of the electron transport chain [55]. Lipids can also form other structures, e.g., plastoglobules and stromules in the chloroplasts.…”

Plasma membrane nano-organization specifies phosphoinositide effects on Rho-GTPases and actin dynamics in tobacco pollen tubes

“…Phosphoinositides are a minor class of regulatory phospholipids that derive from phosphatidylinositol by the phosphorylation of the inositol head group and in eukaryotes contribute to the control of membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics (Heilmann and Heilmann, 2015). Importantly, phosphoinositides can bind different protein partners at the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane (Heilmann, 2016;Gerth et al, 2017;Noack and Jaillais, 2020), thereby influencing alternative processes. It is an important unresolved question of eukaryotic cell biology how phosphoinositides exert specific regulatory effects.…”

A nanodomain anchored-scaffolding complex is required for PI4Kα function and localization in plants

“…PI4P is crucial for the plasma membrane surface charge (Platre et al, 2018;Simon et al, 2016). Thus, it is likely that the loss of the PI4Kα1 affects the membrane surface charge and lead to the mislocalization of a whole set of proteins (Barbosa et al, 2016;Noack and Jaillais, 2020;Simon et al, 2016). The genome of Arabidopsis codes for two other PI4Kinases, PI4Kβ1 and PI4Kβ2 localized at the TGN/EE and at the cell plate (Kang et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2019;Preuss et al, 2006).…”

“…PI4P is crucial for the plasma membrane surface charge (Platre et al, 2018; Simon et al, 2016). Thus, it is likely that the loss of the PI4Kα1 affects the membrane surface charge and lead to the mislocalization of a whole set of proteins (Barbosa et al, 2016; Noack and Jaillais, 2020; Simon et al, 2016).…”