Functions of barium peroxide in sodium chlorate chemical oxygen generators

Zhang, Yunchang; Kshirsagar, Girish; Cannon, James C.

doi:10.1021/ie00017a028

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Lithium perchlorate is the compound that carries the most oxygen by unit mass. Chemical oxygen generators increased in popularity during World War II [14]. Table 2.2 shows the initial composition, properties, and some product gases of the oxygen candles produced at that time.…”

Section: Oxygen Source Compound Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, pressure buildup inside a candle block can result in cracks, which would cause irregular reaction front propagation and thus erratic reaction rate. Decomposing in liquid phase does not have those problems and thus has smoother oxygen generation [14]. On the other hand, it has been shown that low-temperature reactant melting stimulates pulsations in combustion front propagation while the high-temperature melting of reaction products stabilizes the combustion wave [8].…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes a small concentration of a binder, like water, is used. If water was used, the mixture is dried at about 130 ºC [14]. The mixture is then compacted into a pellet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocomposite and mechanically alloyed reactive materials as energetic additives in chemical oxygen generators

Machado

Rodriguez

Aly

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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A Dios, por llenar mi vida de bendiciones y oportunidades para ser mejor, por darme la fuerza para terminar mi tesis. A mi tía Socorro Ochoa, mis tíos Arturo y Luz Elena Machado, a Carlos y María Zacarías, a mi tía Amparo, a mi tía Martha, y a mis tíos Jorge y Ludy Armenta por brindarme todo su apoyo y un lugar en su sus hogares para poder seguir asistiendo a la escuela. A mi tía Tere, a quien admiro tanto y de quien he aprendido muchísimo. A mi tío Chutoño, que siempre estuvo al pendiente de mí cuando necesite ayuda. Al Padre Machado que igualmente siempre estuvo al pendiente de mí familia. A todos mis amigos y compañeros en el servicio que siempre me dieron dolores de cabeza, y me los quitaron con risas. Finalmente dedico esta tesis a mis padres, mis hermanas, y a toda mi familia, que son los que me han aguantado toda la vida. Muchas gracias a todos ustedes que hicieron posible que hoy llegara hasta este punto en mi vida.

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Section: Oxygen Source Compound Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocomposite and mechanically alloyed reactive materials as energetic additives in chemical oxygen generators

Machado

Rodriguez

Aly

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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“…Scholars worldwide mainly focused on the oxygen candle formula, catalyst, fuel, burning fluctuation, size of the composition, start-up mode, and molding process which influence the performance of oxygen candles [12][13][14][15][16]. Our team has contributed to the performance of oxygen supply in refuge space for years [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxygen Generation Performance of Hollow-Structured Oxygen Candle for Refuge Space

Wang

Jin

Gao

et al. 2018

Journal of Chemistry

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To improve oxygen generation performance, we dissected and analyzed the incompletely reacted oxygen candles and thus proposed the concept of the hollow-structured oxygen candle. We calculated the surface area ratio and designed the mold for hollow-structured oxygen candles at a radius of 0, 5, 9, 12, 15.5, and 20 mm. The structural stability of the oxygen candles was tested by the loading experiment. The oxygen generation rate (OGR) and other properties were explored by combustion experiments. The composition of the oxygen candles and the residual solids after combustion were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that, with the increase of the hollow-structure radius (r), the stability of the hollow-structured oxygen candles gradually weakens, and the oxygen candles cannot be made when r is 20 mm. The hollow structure has a positive influence on the combustion of the oxygen candles, and the extent of combustion reaction can increase to 98.3% at the most, a 28.9% increase compared with that of solid-structured oxygen candles. The analysis of the morphology of cobalt(II,III) oxide and the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the oxygen candles before and after combustion validates the rationality of the concept of the hollow-structured oxygen candle. The best performance of the oxygen candles is obtained when r = 9 mm, where the highest extent of combustion reaction is 98.3%. The total oxygen generated is 48.75 L, and the average rate is 9.2 L/min. The test of the oxygen candles with r = 9 mm after combustion by the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) shows that these oxygen candles fully reacted. This study provides a basis for optimizing the performance of oxygen candles and for the development of the oxygen supply system fitted with the oxygen candle in spaceflight, submarine, and underground space.

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“…Of special interest are oxychloride salts of alkali metals due to their possible use as oxygen sources in breathing apparatuses, life support systems in flight vehicles and submarines, rescue equipments for respiratory protection, and medicine. Experimental studies [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] show that during the thermal decomposition of chlorates and perchlorates the oxygen release appreciably increases under the effect of metal oxides, especially alkali ones. In the decomposition of perchlorates under the action of lithium oxide peroxide was observed, and in the decomposition of NaClO 4 under the action of Na 2 O 2 noticeable amounts of superoxide were detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and electronic properties of Na2O2/NaClO4(001), K2O/KClO3(001) systems

Korabel’nikov

Zhuravlev

2015

J Struct Chem

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Within a slab model the systems of oxygen-containing compounds are investigated. The geometry and the electronic structure are determined for Na 2 O 2 /NaClO 4 (001), K 2 O/KClO 3 (001) systems using the CRYSTAL09 program package. Parameters of the atomic structure, bond populations, atomic charges, energy distributions, and interaction energies are calculated. It is found that when an oxide and peroxide nanolayer is adsorbed, the bond significantly weakens in chlorate and perchlorate anions.

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Functions of barium peroxide in sodium chlorate chemical oxygen generators

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Nanocomposite and mechanically alloyed reactive materials as energetic additives in chemical oxygen generators

Nanocomposite and mechanically alloyed reactive materials as energetic additives in chemical oxygen generators

The Oxygen Generation Performance of Hollow-Structured Oxygen Candle for Refuge Space

Structure and electronic properties of Na2O2/NaClO4(001), K2O/KClO3(001) systems

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