"Functions" of striate cortex and the problem of mass action.

Orbach, J.

doi:10.1037/h0047749

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It was suggested that the larger deficit following cortical ablation of visual projection areas was due in part to a loss of some kind of nonvisual mechanism. Orbach (1959) found similar results in monkeys with striate lesions tested for maze-learning ability under infrared illumination to eliminate visual cues. Finally, in other studies, Saavedra, Pinto-Hamuy, and Oberti (1965) showed that rats were deficient in one-way avoidance conditioning with auditory CS following ablation of the visual cortex as well as after the removal of other sensory cortical areas.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Avoidance conditioning in cats with striate and auditory cortex lesions and contrasting effects of peripheral blindness.

Lubar¹,

Middaugh²

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cats with lesions in the auditory and visual cortex were compared with normal controls in acquisition and relearning of a shuttle-avoidance task. The conditioning stimulus was a buzzer. It was found that animals with lesions in the striate cortex were deficient in both the acquisition and the relearning tasks whereas animals with auditory damage were not. Furthermore, the relearning task was tested under conditions where all subjects wore opaque contact occluders to produce peripheral blindness. These results indicate that the avoidance deficit is specific to lesions of the visual cortex and persists under conditions of peripheral blindness. The results imply that there is a complex dysfunction beyond that attributable to visual factors alone following striate ablation.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 63%

Avoidance conditioning in cats with striate and auditory cortex lesions and contrasting effects of peripheral blindness.

Lubar¹,

Middaugh²

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, a number of investigators (Morgan & Stellar, 1950;Rollin, 1955;Zangwill, 1961) have pointed out that the lesions in Lashley's (1943) study extended beyond the visual cortex and consequently the nonvisual deficits could in fact be attributed to destruction of nonvisual tissue. This same charge seems applicable to Orbach's (1959) study (see Milner, 1970, p. 173). Moreover, while Lubar and Middaugh (1971) suggest that a study by Saavedra, Pinto-Hamuy, and Oberti (1965) also supports the idea that nonvisual deficits arise from visual cortex removal, the latter authors make it clear (p. 43) that in at least some of their animals damage extended beyond the visual cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…A number of investigators have claimed that nonvisual deficits arise from destruction of the visual cortex in the rat (e.g., Lashley, 1943), cat (e.g., Lubar & Middaugh, 1971, and monkey (e.g., Orbach, 1959). The nature of the deficits lack specification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ipsiversive progression and unilateral posterior cortical lesions in the rat.

Ja¹,

Rm²

1972

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study was an attempt to specify the nature of nonvisual deficits ascribed to visual cortex lesions by many investigators. It was supposed that the nonvisual deficits reflect an impairment in spatial progression. In an evaluation of this possibility, groups of enucleated rats were subjected to unilateral neocortical lesions and tested for ipsiversive progression. The hypothesis was not supported since destruction of the visual cortex alone did not produce the effect while similar-sized, more anteriorly placed, lesions did. Moreover, there was nothing to indicate that visual cortex destruction in combination with an effective lesion enhanced the effect. The results do support those who have criticized the belief that the visual cortex carries out nonvisual functions.

show abstract

“…S~c.h a distinction between tactuo-and visuospatial maze performance abilities is alread y suggested by Orbach's (1959) early finding that bilateral striate cortex lesions in monkeys differentially affected performance on stylus and walk-through mazes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalence of male and female performance on a tactuospatial maze

Alvis

Ward

Dodson

1989

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex differences in performance of a tactuospatial finger-maze task were assessed in 28 male and 32 female right-handed college undergraduates. The subjects performed the task with their nondominant left hand, and were trained to one error-free trial within specified time limits. Cognitive tests were administered to assess vocabulary, word fluency, and spatial relations capabilities. The results failed to indicate any significant sex differences in performance on the tactuospatial maze in terms of mean errors, number of trials, and trial latencies, or on any of the cognitive tests. The findings strengthen proposals that male superiority in spatial ability may not be as substantial as commonly accepted, and that sex differences in performance may depend on the particular components of spatial ability that are measured in specific tasks.According to some recent reviews (Caplan, MacPherson, & Tobin, 1985;Linn & Peterson, 1985), the reputed male advantage in spatial ability may be limited to some visuospatial tasks . The variety of tasks employed to measure spatial ability has yielded much inconsistent data. For example, both the Porteus Maze Test and the Standardized Road-Map Test of Direction Sense assess visuospatial ability but have produced contradictory and noncorrelated results (Caplan et al., 1985). Similarly, studies that have examined sex differences in performance of different tasks requiring tactuospatial functioning have resulted in inconsistent data : male superiority has been noted in some cases (e.g., Dawson, 1981), but no sex differences or even a female advantage has been found in others (e.g., Biersner, 1980). This study presents additional data regarding sex differences in the performance of a tactuospatial task . MEmODSubjects Twenty-eight male and 32 female right-handed psychology students at Memphis State University participated as subjects for extra credit; the task had been described as involving a manual learning task and some written tests. Test Materials and ApparatusThe Lateral Dominance Questionnaire (Lawson, Goldstein, & Musty, 1975) assesses theperformance of 12 tasks with the dominant hand (8), foot (2), or eye (2). Lateralization of 8 or more items to the right was required for subjects to be classified as right-handed ; these subjects also had identified themselves as right-handed and wrote with the right hand.A plywood finger-maze that measured approximately 27 cm long, 21 cm wide , and 2 ern thick was used to examine tactuospatial performance . One pathway with 5 cul-de-sacs led from start-to goalbox . The pathway and the circular start-and goalboxes were approximately 2 cm and 3 cm wide, respectively .The abbreviated Shipley Vocabulary Test (Shipley, 1967), the Verbal Fluency Test (Thurstone, 1962), and the Spatial Relations subtest of the Differential Aptitude Tests (OAT ; Bennett, Seashore, & WesCorrespondence may be addressed to Jeannette P. Ward, Department of Psychology, Memphis State Univers ity, Memphis, TN 38052 . man, 1974) were employed to assess the subjects' cognitive...

show abstract

"Functions" of striate cortex and the problem of mass action.

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Avoidance conditioning in cats with striate and auditory cortex lesions and contrasting effects of peripheral blindness.

Avoidance conditioning in cats with striate and auditory cortex lesions and contrasting effects of peripheral blindness.

Ipsiversive progression and unilateral posterior cortical lesions in the rat.

Equivalence of male and female performance on a tactuospatial maze

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About